Organelle

replacement of enzymatic cofactors limits the economic viability of this production methodology despite potentially significant improvements in product quality and an associated reduction in environmental impact. Presented is an engineered biotic/abiotic organelle system that works to address this limitation. This system reduces nicotinamide coenzymes using light for energy. It sources the required electrons from water and generates oxygen as the sole by-product. This is accomplished by…

pseudopodia around it and packaging it within a food vacuole” (Campbell and Reece 2011). They also serve as the models for the study of basic biological phenomena (Görtz and Adoutte 1988). As an aerobic cell, the paramecium consists of “structures and organelles of aerobic non-photosynthetic eukaryotic cells”, including a cell membrane, a cytoplasm, an endocytic system of coated pits, and shuttle vesicles,…

The Ambivalent Tragedy of a Good Death: Reflections on How to Die in Oregon By Nathan Rubene dos Santos I came to do this assignment with a veiled reluctance, not of dread but a sort of absent-mindedness. Considering the topic, this is understandable; matters of death and the process of dying tend to deter people from thinking about it too much. Often we hope to be taken from this world swiftly and, if not long in the tooth, at the very least without senseless torment. An ideal scenario would…

cleft. This vesicle transport depends on the protein kinesin which moves synaptic vesicles down the axon to the synapse for release. The inability to move a vesicle down the axon will be kinesin related since kinesin is linked principally with organelles that travel in the anterograde direction on the axon (Nobutaka). The nematode C. elegans is a model organism for studying these functional defects in neurons because of their similar genome to humans and human disease. Observing C. elegans’s…

Peggy Fender is a 59 year old woman who appears to be an alcoholic as she has had many visits to the emergency department in the past. She arrives in the afternoon appearing intoxicated and complaining of abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant of her abdominopelvic cavity. As Tim, the physician assistant proceeds with his examination he notices bruising on her arms legs and face. She is jaundiced and he notices the smell of alcohol on her breath. In addition, her liver and entire abdomen are…

“I know it’s been a while bro but congratulations on graduating. Seeing that has motivated me to go back to school, so I can finish my degree. I know I have never said it but when your family made it out it felt like we all did. Keep working bro. Much love.” A month after graduation I received that text message from a childhood friend. After reading the message I began to reminisce on my early years spent in the inner city of Newark, New Jersey. I remembered the difficult times my family endured…

Muscle fibres. There are three types of muscle fibres; type 1, type 2a and type 2b. A. Type 1: These fibres are slow twitch or slow oxidative fibres and are red due to the presence of large volumes of myoglobin. They contract slowly but can contract repeatedly over long periods. These fibres would be suitable for an athlete such as a marathon runner because this is an endurance sporting event that requires you to use aerobic energy which relies on oxygen from the blood for the supply of energy.…

Basic Biology The documents I attached include a lab report, worksheets, notes and one exam. My most memorable experiences in biology were in the lab. I got to test the effectiveness of lactase drops when exposed to solutions containing different pH or temperatures. My results indicated that the lactase enzyme had the optimal catalytic activity at temperatures similar to those found in the human stomach; however, the low pH in the stomach–ranging from 2 to 5– rendered the drops ineffective…

energy source. 6. What is an enzyme? What is its importance to the living cell? An enzyme is a protein that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed. The importance of enzymes to a living cell are they help to make up many of the cell's organelles, these enzymes speed reactions by lowering the activation energy; thereby, allowing reactions such as copying DNA, building proteins, digesting foods, recycling a cells worn-out parts, and catalyzing oxidation-reduction reactions to…

transport and osmosis. The proteins within the cell membrane also play an important role as they help the cell communicate with the surrounding environment including other cells. The plasma membrane also serves as an area of attachment for other organelles within the cells internal environment such as the cell wall and the cytoskeleton. The plasma membrane is also essential for controlling homeostasis within the cell. It plays a very important role in maintaining internal conditions that are…