Organelle

interphase. The last phase of interphase is G2. G2 is a phase in which I grow like gap phase 1. Unlike G1, G2 prepares the cell for cell division in the M phase. This is called gap phase 2 because it fills the gap between synthesis and mitosis. In G2 organelles replicate, and microtubules start to attach at the spindle. Also, chromosomes coil very tightly in G2. As you can see, the gap phase 2 was a pretty quick one for me. Interphase is done which means I will move on to the M…

Do Cnidarians replace their stinging cells once used? Many people are familiar with the Jellyfish sting. When a jellyfish brushes against someone and they feel pain, they are feeling the cells along the jellyfish's tentacles referred to as cnidocytes. These cells harbor tiny projectiles full of venom, called nematocysts. There are many questions about the sting of the jellyfish, the structures involved, and the venom delivered. Specifically, do Cnidarians possess any capabilities of…

similarities and differences at each stage of the cell cycle in cancer and normal cells: How do cancer cells and normal cells behave similarly & differently in G1 In a normal cell during G1 it would increase its supply of proteins, double the amount of organelles and begin its first growth, if the cell is bad then the tumor suppressor gene would slow down or stop the cycle to repair it, if it isn’t repairable then it would kill the cell. In a cancerous cell, during G1 it would do the same…

Hair dyes and Cosmetics: The word cosmetic derives from the Greek word kosmetike tekhne,meaning “techniques of dress and ornament”t.hair dyes is most commonly use cosmetics. Which are apply on hair to alter the appearance of hairs. It is the practice of changing hair color without surgical operation .the main purpose of hair dyeing is to cover gray hairs or change to a color regarded as more fashionable and deriable. Hair coloring can be done independently at home or professionally by a…

Interruptions in the Cell Cycle The cell cycle is the process of which a somatic or gametic cell reproduces DNA and splits into two or four different cells, respectively. This process contains multiple stages such as G1, S, G2, Mitosis or Meiosis, and Cytokinesis. Throughout this procedure, many errors can occur and be harmful to the organism. To prevent these mistakes from becoming a problem, the cell cycle contains many checkpoints and regulators (Lodish). A checkpoint is where “stop and…

Cellular Theory & Microscopes Robert Hooke Robert Hooke was an English scientist credited most famously for the creation of Hooke’s Law (a principle of physics that states that the force needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance is proportional to that distance) in 1660 and the discovery of plant cells using a compound microscope in 1663. The compound microscope uses two or more lenses, which are connected by a hollow tube. The top lens (called the eyepiece) is the one that people…

Alkylated polycyclic aromatic compounds (alkyl-PACs) are the major aromatic constituent of total PAH in crude oil and originated from incomplete combustion process. Whereas benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a well-known human carcinogen, dibenzothiophene (DBT) and retene (Ret) are not; however, all three compounds are important environmental pollutants. Their toxicity is not yet characterized. In this study, we used BaP (parent PAH), DBT and Ret (alkyl-PACs) to elucidate the mechanism of neurotoxicity…

The importance of noncoding DNA sequences Since the completion of Human Genome Project in 2003, it was found that more than 98% of human genome is occupied by noncoding DNA sequences (Genome.gov, 2003), existing between genes and as introns within genes (Figure-1). In genomic, noncoding DNA regions are defined as the sequences of an organism’s DNA, which do not code for proteins. Although it has been known for decades that some of these sequences code for noncoding RNAs that…

Professor Fowler The Mode of Inheritance in Nicotiana Tabacu seeds and Albinism Introduction In plants, the chloroplast is an essential organelle for a plant cell’s primary metabolism. Productions such as CO2 fixation, manufacture of carbon skeletons and fatty acids, and synthesis of amino acids from inorganic nitrogen that is important for a plant to live and thrive. (Liu, Li, & Cheng, 2016) In addition, the chloroplast is responsible for producing the color pigment in plants because…

Practical 3: Enzyme Activity (2.5) Research Question: How does the change of pH affect the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide on the enzyme, catalase? Background Information: Enzymes are globular proteins, which are synthesised by cells in order to perform specific functions. These act as catalysts in chemical reactions and are considered a major factor in an organism as these reaction rates are required to be shortened in order to support life. Catalase is one of the most…