Neuron

Multiple Sclerosis is a disease where the immune system eats away at the protective, myelin or layer covering nerves. This disease is also known as MS, which is Multiple Sclerosis abbreviated. MS has a very big effect on a person and their family, knowing this because my aunt was diagnosed with MS before she passed away. Currently there is not a known cause from Multiple Sclerosis, but science have theories. Some believe that it is a result of combination of genetics, and some believe it is…

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE In 2015, there were approximately 48 million people worldwide with AD. It most often begins in people over 65 years of age, although, 4% to 5% of cases are early-onset Alzheimer’s, which begin before this. It affects about 6% of people 65 years and older. It was first described by, and later named after, German psychiatrist and pathologist, Alois Alzheimer in 1906. (http://www.alz.co.uk/alois-alzheimer) In 1906, Alzheimer gave a lecture that made him famous. Alzheimer…

Sometimes, this process malfunctions, and this creates an autoimmune disease. In this case, antibodies are produced that attack the acetylcholine receptors, and this leads to a decrease of acetylcholine receptors (Fambrough et. al, 1973). Since the neurons are not effectively recognizing the acetylcholine, it causes the person suffering with this condition to have impaired movement, or weakness. The name of that condition is called myasthenia gravis. Myasthenia gravis can become especially…

The reticular formation is a strenuous set of connected neurons that extend throughout the brainstem, also up and down the spinal cord. The reticular formation travels through both the brainstem and the thalamus. The reticular formation is comprised of two parts, the ascending reticular formation and the descending…

Psychology principles are found in life all around us, but usually, we tend to be blind to what is truly happening in a situation. All throughout our life we are faced with challenges and decisions. This includes the way we react to these stimulants, how we think about them and how we function consciously and unconsciously. Taking a closer look could open your eyes into the world of psychology. Consequently, in psychology, consciousness is defined as our awareness of ourselves and our…

small diameter allows for the diffusion of nutrients into nonvascularized areas, and the short length allows for complete permeation of Schwann Cells. In cases where nerve gap is less than 1 cm, results are better than those seen in autografts. But, neurons aren 't singularly linear structures, their axon can branch out into multiple axons (known as contralaterals). Thus leading to more complex configurations (no longer a singular tube), having multiple component compositions within its inner…

functional loss of neurons which is a gradual and progressive process. Various neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, etc. have been described by many biomarkers that are unusual in comparison to their baseline levels in the brain regions. Out of all the diseases, Alzheimer’s disease is the most prevailing disease in older patients with an average age greater than 65 years. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is illustrated by irreversible neuron…

Introduction How do you define Kennedy’s disease? Kennedy’s disease is a rare inherited disease that disturbs the males in the family by progressively weakening and wasting the motor neurons in the muscles (Kennedy's Disease Association, 2015). Kennedy’s disease got its name from the studies by Dr. William R. Kennedy who found patients with the rare disorder back in 1968, which had occurred in the later part of the adult life. Kennedy’s disease starts to appear in males between the ages of…

In this experiment, we investigated electrically stimulated nerves n the forearm to display recruitment, summation, tetanus and conduction velocity of action potentials. Muscle are either directly joined to the bone or connected by tendons, which by definition are resilient bundles of collagen fibers. Motor nerves innervate the fibers of the skeletal muscles, which is controlled voluntarily. The action potential in a muscle fiber allows for an increase in the influx of calcium causing what we…

The expected pattern of development and how babies and children learn and develop 0-1years: Babies will be able to recognise their carer, and be able to respond to physical emotion such as a smile. When they see this person, it will make them feel happy and at ease. They will also start to have a feeding routine and will be able to recognise when they are hungry. Babies will also begin to make associate that quiet calming voices are for sleep time or feeding. As the baby reaches 6 months it…