Neurology

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the major causes for dementia, the majority of the people affected by the age. It has been estimated that by 2050, 88 million of the world population will have the Alzheimer’s disease. There are different types of Alzheimer’s disease; for instances, autosomal dominant and sporadic. However, there has not been any permanent treatment identified for this disease. There are several hypotheses stated for the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease. Major hypothesis is…

INTRODUCTION Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a form of dementia that affects the brain and is most common in older age adults. People with AD most commonly experience symptoms such as an inability to complete activities of daily living (ADL’s) independently while also exhibiting signs of mental decline, most likely due to loss in brain mass associated with the progression of AD (Vreugdenhil, Cannell, Davies, & Razay, 2011). As prevalence of AD increases along with the cost of healthcare, new…

INTRODUCTION Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most common inherited neurological disorder, affecting 1 in every 2500 people.1 The disease attacks the peripheral nervous system, progressively reducing nerve conduction speed in the body’s extremities resulting in gradual muscle weakness, sensory loss, and muscle atrophy.2 Affected individuals in the initial stages of the disease suffer from feet and hand deformities that limit function and sensation. Moreover, in advanced cases patients…

Background In 2014, the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) published a new set of practice guidelines for Hepatic Encephalopathy (Vistrup et al., 2014). These guidelines define Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) as “a brain dysfunction caused by liver insufficiency and/or portosystemic shunting, and manifests as a wide spectrum of neurological/psychiatric abnormalities ranging from subclinical alterations to coma”…

MCI is considered the borderline between normal cognitive aging and very early dementia []. The historical evolution of the MCI concept has recently reviewed by Petersen [], including the more recent formulation by the Diagnostic Statistical Manual-5 (DSM-5) []. In general, the MCI syndrome is characterized by a cognitive deficit greater than expected for the individual’ age and educational level, but not enough to significantly interfere with the functioning of his daily life. According to…

Everyone in this world faces adversity at some point in their life. Everyone is not, however, born with a genetic condition that has the odds stacked against them from the very beginning. Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a rare form of genetic mutation that shows some aspects of physiological aging from a very young age. Symptoms become more prominent as a carrier of the disease ages. HGPS is of interest to me, because this is a disorder that resembles accelerated aging, and if we…

EPILEPSY About Epilepsy Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that causes seizures. It’s marked by chemical changes in the brain cells, or neurons, and how they send messages. The resulting imbalance of electrical activity in the brain leads to seizures. About 1 in 26 people will develop epilepsy, including children and adults. Right now, 65 million people worldwide are afflicted by epilepsy, with about 3 million in the United States alone. Each year, another 150,000 people are diagnosed in…

Neurologic and retinal diseases There are many different types of degenerative neurological diseases. The brain is a complex system and this makes the use of stem cells difficult to differentiate to the right cell type. The myriad connection between nerve cells and the complex interdependency with macroglia, which is made up of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and glial progenitor cells create a problem with creating precise structural reconstitution with stem cells. Neurological diseases including…

Motor Neurone Disease (MND) By Ryan Renshaw o60 MND (Motor Neurone Disease rosis (ALS) and Lou amy otrop Gehrig's disease. MND is a rare neurological condition that causes the degeneration of the motor system. It is progressive and worsens every time and reduces the life expectancy with most people dying within 5 years of having it. Motor Neurone Disease begins with the akness of the muscles in the hands, feet and voice. Some symptoms of MND can be muscle aches, cramps, twitching, clumsiness,…

University of Oklahoma Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Cody Clay HES-1823-003 Professor Joshua Carr 23 November 2015 Cody Clay Professor Joshua Carr HES-1823-003 23 November 2015 Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) is a rare, degenerative, inevitably fatal brain disorder that eats away at the infected person’s brain and can have many different potential causes (NINDS). There are four types of CJD; Sporadic or Classical CJD, the most common form, which occurs for a still unknown reason,…