Mergers and acquisitions

Linguistic complexity is commonly defined as the variedness and elaborateness of language production (Ellis, 2003). The definition resembles the philosophical definition of complexity as a function of the number of a system’s constituent elements, the variety of these constituents, and the elaborateness of their inter- relations (Rescher, 1998). Accordingly, the measurement of linguistic complex- ity involves quantitatively measuring the number and nature of linguistic sub- components and the…

Furnborough and Truman (2009) stated that feedback fills the gaps between learners’ knowledge and target language competence. Dorney (1994) postulated that feedback is “a process, which carries a clear message about the teacher’s priorities and is reflected in the students’ motivation”. As Chastain (1988) states, the type of feedback teachers provide to students shows whether they view language as a grammatical system or as a communicative system. Feedback on language forms pushes students to…

The first phase of sight word development consists of the pre-alphabetic phase. Ehri (1995) stated that during this phase, "beginners remember how to read words by forming connections between selected visual attributes of words and their pronunciations or meanings and storing these associations in memory" (p. 118). Children at this phase have not advanced any alphabet knowledge. Instead, children can read sight words by memorizing the visual signals around or in the word (Gaskin, Ehri, Cress,…

Specific language impairment is a condition which makes code switching in language acquisition tremendously difficult for children. These children already display incomplete grammatical abilities in relation to older age groups with typical language. These difficulties are typically shown when interchanging their two languages which, is known as code switching, and is done within sentences. For children with both specific language impairment and bilingualism, their linguistic abilities may…

The reasons for why Deaf students are underachieving on tests varies greatly, and likely is not fully understood, but there are certain factors that have already been identified by researchers. A student’s mastery of his first language is a precursor to strong reading abilities (Marschark). If a student has weak language skills, then it is expected that he will struggle to learn how to read and write. However, if the student is surrounded with strong language models from birth, then they are…

One hypothesis of what drives babbling behavior is given in the Petitto article; Babbling in the Manual Mode: Evidence for the Ontogeny of Language. The hypothesis is babbling is not caused by the vocal tract maturing, but that babbling is an “expression of an amodal, brain-based language capacity that is linked to an expressive capacity capable of processing speech and sign” (Pettito 1495). In other words, babbling occurs because language is learned and vocal and manual forms of babbling are…

Dual Immersion programs, sometimes called the cooperative immersion or dual language education, are an enhancement method of bilingual education in which English learners and native English-speaking students are joined through the entire school day and taught the minority language for fifty percent or more of the day. There are two mutual differences of dual immersion programs: 90/10 and 50/50. In a 90/10 model, the second language is taught to students for about ninety percent of the day…

FLA #1 1. What is the relationship of language and culture? • According to Edward Sapir (1921) cited by David Elmes (2013), there is an adjacent connection between language and culture in which one cannot likely to understand or appreciate without having the awareness of the other. Furthermore, Emma (2010) says that language can be noticed as a verbal manifestation of culture wherein it maintains the culture ties and expresses the culture of a specific community. Aubrey Neil Leveridge (2008)…

Furthermore, to increase students awareness of pragmatic competence teachers could compare and contrast between the two cultures. Students would be better expose to situations where it is totally different from the other culture. For instance, imagine two students one is middle eastern and the other is from America and they meet accidently at a clinic center. The American man wants to start a conversation so he pays a compliment to the middle eastern man's watch saying your watch looks nice. In…

their second language skills. In order to do that, it is important to teach a second language at school at a very young age, indeed, the younger the child is, the more naturally he will speaks the language, according to the critical period of acquisition (Denham & Lobeck, 2013, p.43). Teaching a second language at a very young age imply that the methods must be adapted to this young public, consequently, the teaching won’t be done through essays and lectures, but through the teaching of songs,…