Linear algebra

The Mandelbrot and Filled Julia Sets The Mandelbrot and Filled Julia Sets are sets of numbers that are composed of complex numbers that do not diverge for varying conditions of the function fc(z)=z²+c. For the Mandelbrot set, the function is iterated from z=0. The filled Julia set holds c constant for any complex number to look at the behavior of the iterated functions for each value of z in the complex plane. Both sets are derived from the iterations of simple functions in the complex plane, but cause unpredictable, infinite fractal patterns when graphed. Furthermore, the sets are integral parts of chaos theory and hold a number of other mathematical truths within them, such as the value of pi. The groundwork for both functions was set by Pierre Fatou in the early 20th century, who started the field of holomorphic dynamics, which studies the behavior of iterated functions. Gaston Julia expanded upon his work later, and also studied fractals in iterated functions in his landmark piece Mémoire sur l'itération des fonctions rationnelles.In the 1970’s, Benoit Mandelbrot formally defined what a fractal is, and popularized Julia’s work. He claims to have found the Mandelbrot Set, although this claim is contested. The Mandelbrot Set comes from the iteration of the function fc(z)=z²+c starting with z=0. Iteration is the process by which a function’s output is fed back into its input repeatedly. With this iteration, one of two things can happen. First, the function can “blow up”…

Fundamental Theorem of Calculus The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus evaluate an antiderivative at the upper and lower limits of integration and take the difference. This theorem is separated into two parts. The first part is called the first fundamental theorem of calculus and states that one of the antiderivatives of some function may be obtained as the integral of the function with a variable bound of integration. The second part of the theorem, called the second fundamental theorem of…

Abstract: This paper is a report on the development of algebra throughout time. It’s slow, but nevertheless, unyielding progression brings us to the algebra we know today. However, it was not always based on the abstract, rather, it was born out of necessity. The need to calculate unknown quantities gave rise to algebraic methods and techniques practiced and taught even today. And, even though nowadays, algebra is a rather abstract mathematics, this was not always the case. It was through…

Is Algebra Necessary? By The New York Times Algebra is necessary because it is the branch of mathematics that studies l combining elements of abstract structures according to certain rules . Originally these elements would put be interpreted as numbers or quantities, so that the algebra somewhat originally was a generalization . The adjective " algebraic " usually denotes a relationship with algebra , such as in algebraic structure . For historical reasons, it may also indicate a relationship…

social environments, numbers surround me. Over many years, I have learned how to derive meaning from them or use them to help me figure things out. During this unit, I have learnt, re-learnt and applied various areas of mathematics to help me achieve the outcomes and find solutions to each ‘Thinking Time Problem’ [TTP] presented. These relate to the Australian Curriculum- Mathematics proficiency strands of problem solving and reasoning, while the ‘What I Know About’ [WIKA] activities relate to…

tablets” because they were small enough to fit in one’s hand (Friberg 2000, 97). From the tablets found in UR dated to the Old Babylonian period, there is evidence of computations as advanced as calculating the square, the reciprocal, the square root of regular sexagesimal numbers, and solving a quadratic linear system of equations (Friberg 2000, 113). A regular sexagesimal number are products of powers of 2, 3, and 5 (Friberg 2000, 100). There is also evidence of the use of decimal numbers in…

the percentage of rank retained. The criteria to select the cut-off rank $k_{c}$ is based on the observation that $\delta(\hat{k})$ tends to be linear as the contributes of each eigenbackgrounds tend to be equal, i.e. for a fairly uncorrelated noise. Fig.\ref{Sigma_FIG}.b shows the cut-off rank obtained by imposing a tolerance on the second derivative $d^2 \delta/ d \hat{k}^2<10^-3$. For the examples in Fig.\ref{Snap}, this criteria gives $k=23$ for the $PIV$ sequence, $k=35$ for the $IPT$…

Different number were even believed to have a cosmic significance or magical powers. However the main thrust of Chinese mathematics came from the Empire’s desire to have administrators that were well versed in mathematics. Therefore in order to educate, a textbook called, “Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art” was written. This important text became a vital part of Chinese education. This tool provided hundreds of problems in taxation, engineering and payment of wages. The text served as a…

Ms. Caldwell definitely deserves being teacher of the year. If you ask me why I will say many things, for example, math wasn’t a subject I valued until I had Ms. Caldwell for Algebra 1. She always helped us and made sure she answered the questions we had. She would make my classmates and I go early in the mornings to her office so we could explain what we had done wrong and if we didn’t understand the material she would explain the material in detail and say why the answer is right. Her…

their major requires it or not. This test has three different sections with a total of forty questions. The three sections are fifteen question Basic Skills Algebra, fifteen Algebra and Precalculus and ten quantitative reasoning questions. Once the test is complete, your schedule either consists of a math course in the first semester or the student will wait to take one in a later semester. During this test, you are not allowed to use any source besides your brain! James Madison’s math placement…