Glucagon

common endocrine disorder is known as adrenal insufficiency. This is where the adrenal gland releases too little of cortisol or aldosterone. Addison’s disease is a type of adrenal insufficiency. Symptoms likely include fatigue, upset stomach, dehydration, and skin changes. Cushing’s Disease is another endocrine issue. It is caused by an overactive adrenal gland. Some symptoms include obesity and increased thirst. It is common in children who take corticosteroids. Hyperthyroidism is another…

and produce adrenaline, the “fight or flight” hormone. We also have melatonin for sleep-wake cycle. Thanks to serotonin, we have PMS. Estrogen, estradiol, testosterone, cortisol to thank for storing fat in our abdomen when we are under stress. The glucagon, and insulin to control our sugar. Pregnant women will make oxytocin that is critical during pregnancy. Thank goodness I already had Anatomy and Physiology III because that class brought back my knowledge of the endocrine system, our glands…

pancreatitis is a condition in which the pancreas becomes suddenly irritated and swollen (inflammation). The pancreas is a gland that is located behind the stomach. It produces enzymes that help digest food. The pancreas also releases the hormones glucagon and insulin that help regulate blood sugar. Damage to the pancreas occurs when the digestive enzymes from the pancreas are activated and begin attacking the pancreas before being released into the intestine. Most acute attacks last a couple…

2) DKA usually occurs as a consequence of absolute or relative insulin deficiency that is accompanied by an increase in counter-regulatory hormones (ie, glucagon, cortisol, growth hormone, epinephrine). This type of hormonal imbalance enhances hepatic gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and lipolysis. Hepatic gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis secondary to insulin deficiency, and counter-regulatory hormone excess result in severe hyperglycemia, while lipolysis increases serum free fatty acids.…

bodies with conditions such as cystic fibrosis, Crohn disease and celiac disease may not have enough lipase to break down fats and get the nutrition they need because of the lack of lipase. Along with lipase the pancreas also produces insulin and glucagon, two hormones inside body needs to break sugar down into the bloodstream. The optimum temperature for an enzyme to work at is 37.5 degrees Celsius, anything over 40 degrees will denature the enzyme and reaction time will rapidly fall. Shown in…

Endocrine System The endocrine system is basically the network of glands that secrete hormones into the blood stream which regulates activities of cells or organs. The sexual development and function of the body and the metabolism are two examples of what the endocrine systems does. The major contributors to the endocrine system include the pituitary gland, thyroid, hypothalamus, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pineal body, reproductive glands, and the pancreas. The pituitary gland is…

regulate the blood glucose in our body. The high blood glucose stimulates Ca 2+ and signals insulin secretion form β-cell in the pancreas. When glucose levels are low, electrical activity triggers oscillatory Ca2+ in a-cells and they release the hormone glucagon raising the concentration of glucose in the blood (Quesada et al., 2008). The role of insulin is inhibition of the syntheses of glucose by the liver. This is called glycogenesis. Activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase allows…

Pancreas Cancer While many different diseases are classified as cancers, pancreas cancer is considered one of the leading factors of death. According to the fact sheet provided by the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network in U.S, pancreas cancer is the 11th and 8th common type of cancer diagnosed in men and women, respectively. Silent cancer Almost all symptoms and signs of pancreas cancer are not detected in the primary stages when treatment is estimated to be successful. In contrast, pancreas…

diets more effective. However, many popular supplements would be wasted. Here is an overview of the main ones: Chromium and ALA, while not insulin 'mimickers' as many claim, increase insulin sensitivity resulting in lower insulin levels, higher glucagon and a faster descent into deeper ketosis creatine is a bit of a waste - at most, 30% can be taken up by the muscles that, without glycogen, cannot be meaningfully…

Fig.() The appetite control system in the brain. (A) The structural components of the system include the ARC (arcuate nucleus), PVN (paraventricular nucleus), LHA (lateral hypothalamus area), VMN (ventral medial nucleus), and DMV (dorsalmedial nucleus) at the hypothalamus; the NTS (nucleus tractus solitarii) at the brainstem; the NAcc (nucleus accumbens) and amygdala in the prefrontal cortex; and the cortex. (B) The major appetite signal reception and integration occur in the hypothalamus. In…