Formal grammar

Improvement of My Own Reading and Writing What difficulties I had with my reading and writing at the beginning of English 1010? Was I happy with my reading and writing skills? The answer is definitely not pleasing because I had a lot of problems, such as unclear thesis, unorganized paragraphs, incorrect use of MLA style, poor mechanics, confusing ideas, vague pronouns, and wordiness. English 1010 has helped me utilize my mistakes through the assignments and practices I did in this course.…

Preposition is a word or a group of words which brings out the correct relationship between a noun/pronoun or between a verb and a noun/pronoun or an adjective and a noun/pronoun. Prepositions are important structural words. They have been called, ‘hooking words’, since they are used to hook nouns, pronouns and word-groups on to preceding words and word-groups including sentences. The purpose of the hooking is to mark the relation of the noun, pronoun or word-group with another word or…

1.1. Background of the Study Speaker recognition is the process of automatically recognizing who is speaking [4][24] on the basis of information obtained from the speech waves[13],[18],[20],[21][22]. It should be noted that this process of recognition is different from speech recognition which is not [5][16] biometrics and it’s defined as the process of recognizing what is being said, e.g., dictation of words by an individual for computer understanding (speech to text recognition). The goal of…

2.1. InterlanguagePragmatics and Pragmatic Competence 2.1.1. Definition of pragmatics and interlanguage pragmatics In his work, Yule (1997) explains that pragmatics is “the study of the relationships between linguistic forms and the users of those forms”. He details that studying pragmatics allows learners to “talk about people’s intended meanings, their assumptions, their purposes or goals, and the kind of actions that they are performing when they speak”. In other words, it’s about how people…

According to Widodo (2006), a deductive approach is making use of knowledge from general to specific. In teaching grammar, this approach is called rule- driven approach as well. In this type, grammar knowledge is explicitly imparted then; teachers explain and reinforce their learners’ comprehension with some practical activities. According to Widodo as well, in deductive approach learners feel comfortable while doing their exercises because they feel safe from committing grammatical errors.…

A central notion is 'stratification', such that language is analysed in terms of four strata: Context, Semantics, Lexico-Grammar and Phonology-Graphology. Context concerns the Field (what is going on), Tenor (the social roles and relationships between the participants), and the Mode (aspects of the channel of communication, e.g., monologic/dialogic, spoken/written, +/- visual-contact, etc.). Systemic semantics includes what is usually called 'pragmatics'. Semantics is divided into three…

Shakespear's world then, is different from our world now because of 3 different key topics. The first topic is language, the english language has advanced very much since this time. There is a lot of words that are still the same but the way we use the words in a sentence, and the order they are. I've noticed studying this time period they said stuff very differently from the way we do now. For examample, "What do you read, my lord?" (Hamlet,2.2.191). However in todays modern world we would say,…

If one where to take a look at the Franklin, one may assume he has had a comfortable life. Being a landed gentleman whose pockets overflow with gold and whose kitchens overflow with meat and wine, he gives the outward appearance of one impermeable to worry. And this is an appearance he wishes to maintain, for as he trots towards Canterbury with a smile on his face and a whistle upon his lips, he is frightened for the soul of his son. Born to a family of freemen in the countryside of England,…

identifies the scenario is near-boundary occurrence because the greeting mainly occurred at the beginning of the social interaction. The greeting was a combination of formal and informal because the women in her early thirties politely said, “Buenos Dias (Good Morning)” followed by a handshake. Due to the handshake I infer that there is a formal boundary between the family and the women. On the contrary the male in his early thirties greeted the older couple also by saying “Buenos Dias (good…

in a transfer-recognition task. Yet, participants were not able to verbalize the reason of choosing the particular strings watch matched the grammar. (Reber, 1967) Reber then conducted another study to see do people learn the artificial grammar from abstract structure or explicit symbols. (1969) He concluded that participants’ ability of learning the grammar did not have a significant impact by changing the symbols. Yet, errors made by participants increased significantly when the syntactic…