Dominance hierarchy

“Simple peck-order bullying is only the beginning of the kind of hierarchical behavior that can lead to racism, sexism, ethnocentrism, classism, and all the other 'isms' that cause so much suffering in the world.” Octavia E. Butler. Everyone needs their “place” in society: leader, hunter, builder, or even follower and securing a place in society can often lead to conflict. The need for hierarchy is evident all throughout Lord of the Flies, a novel by William Golding about a group of British boys stranded alone on an island. The boys are able to form “social classes” by the end of chapter one by establishing dominance over one another, even if they had to do it through simple peck-order bullying. The formation of social classes is one of the most important and impactful events in Lord of the Flies. The first example of an established hierarchy is when Ralph and Piggy meet. Piggy asks Ralph all these questions and invites him to answer but it takes fourteen lines of dialogue until Ralph responds to Piggy. Golding describes Ralph's behavior towards Piggy when he writes, “He tried to be offhand and not too obviously uninterested, but the fat boy hurried after him.” (8). The language in which Golding uses to describe Piggy is also somewhat demeaning. For example, Piggy is described as “fat boy” until he tells Ralph that…

Introduction Aggressive behaviour in laying hens may be problematic, especially when behaviours such as feather pecking and cannibalism occur (Hughes, 1997). One article states that, in small flocks of laying hens, aggressive behaviour is exhibited when unfamiliar birds are present (D’Eath, 2003). Chickens tend to form dominance hierarchies, which leads to fighting to establish dominance, which may also be called a pecking order (D’Eath, 2003). In smaller flocks, once dominance has been…

Originally it was believed that all traits are blended together. Due to the work of Gregor Mendel, though, it was shown that characteristics are a result of inherited factors, known as genes1. Genes are units of heredity on a chromosome that bring about our existence and create diversity. This diversity arises from the fact that there are different forms of genes known as alleles. All the alleles of an organism are referred to as that organism’s genotype and results in an organism’s phenotype,…

Analysis of phenotype and genotype using Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) variation taste sensitivity Introduction Taste occurs when chemical signals stimulate taste receptor cells in the oral cavity to detect tastes such as sweet, sour, salty, bitter and umami. PTC taste sensitivity is very common substance used to study taste perception. Many studies have provided insights into tastes perception using sodium benzoate and thiourea. PTC sensitivity has often been used for practical demonstrations in…

Ectodermal Dysplasia Jonathan Moon American Fork Junior High A2 2/24/17 Abstract Ectodermal Dysplasia is a group of conditions that interfere with the normal functions of skin, hair, nails, teeth or sweat glands. These abnormalities cause various issues with everyday activities such as eating, brushing hair, exercising, and blinking. This paper will explain how this disease occurs, its symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Causes of ED Ectodermal Dysplasia, or ED, is a genetic disorder that…

Genetic Analysis in Plants Trev Mumm and Peter Masinelli Life 120 – Lab Section 122 April 28th, 2014 ABSTRACT We completed this lab to classify and count phenotypic traits in plant crosses with one or two segregating mutations, and we also learned how to use the Chi-Square test as a tool to access the statistical significance data collected from a genetic cross. Our hypothesis for the experiment that included green and albino corn genetics, was that the ratio of green to albino…

Johann Mendel was born on July 20, 1822 in Heinzendorf bei Odrau, a small village in the Austrian Empire. Mendel’s parents were poor farmers who made many sacrifices to pay for his education. Mendel did well throughout his high school career and, at age 18, he entered the University of Olomouc in 1840. During his time at the University, Mendel studied mathematics, philosophy, and physics. In 1843, at age 21, Mendel experienced financial troubles. Professor Friedrich Franz, a physicist,…

Confirmation of Mendel’s Law of Segregation I. In Biology class the past few weeks we have been learning about Gregor Mendel. Gregor Mendel is often called the father of modern genetics. Mendel developed the theory of inheritance several decades before the observance of chromosomes via microscope. In Biology lab the past two weeks I completed a series of tests using fast plants, Brassica rapa. The objective of this experiment was to study the Mendelian laws of genetics as they applied to…

Albinism is a rare genetic condition characterized by the reduced pigmentation in a person’s hair, skin, and eyes. In most variations of the disorder, it is an autosomal recessive condition, an albino individual would have to inherit the recessive allele from both parents. This condition has been of particular intrigue to me ever since I had been introduced to the disorder when reading a novel where the main character suffered from albinism. Even though this character had suffered extreme…

Gregor Mendel lived during the early 1820’s till the early 1840’s. He grew up on a farm in rural Austria, consequently education was not always the top priority. A teacher noticed his capabilities, and recommended a higher level of schooling, Gregor flourished in his studies, and became a monk. While being a monk, he was sent to a university in Vienna to further his studies. Mendel discovered genetics and heredity after experiments with a pea plant in his garden. He decided on pea plants based…