Circulatory system

In the body, cells and organs usually receive the proper amount of blood and oxygen needed to keep the body running. However, when the cardiovascular system fails, the tissues and organs in the body don’t receive and adequate amount of blood and oxygen it needs, this is called shock. Shock is when blood circulation decreases and eventually stops. Shock can be cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular. There are three main cardiovascular causes of shock, which are; poor pump function, blood or fluid…

D. PULSE PRESSURE INTRODUCTION The pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure. The systolic or top pressure is defined as the amount of pressure exerted on the blood vessels when the ventricle is contract (systole). The pressure is due to the force produced as the blood is ejected contacted with the blood vessel’s wall. On the other hand, the diastolic or bottom pressure is defined as the amount of pressure of the blood vessels when the heart is at rest…

Goy, David The Functions of Blood Blood plays a very important role in maintaining the normal functions of the different, tissues, organs and organ systems in the body. It serves as the primary medium for carrying and transporting important gases, minerals and nutrients needed to maintain homeostasis. Blood is composed of several components: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Plasma is the fluid compartment of the blood; it carries ions, minerals, nutrients, gases,…

absence of ganglion cells from submucosal (Meissner) and myenteric (Auerbach) nerve plexus. There is an absence of these nerve cells in the distal rectum and a variable length of contiguous bowel. These nerve cells are part of the enteric nervous system and are responsible for the peristalsis of the bowel. The aganglionary segment stretches in 70-80% of the cases no further than the rectum and the distal part of the sigmoid. In 20% of the cases, the aganglionary segment involves the more…

The respiratory system is responsible for taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide. The lungs are the main organs in the respiratory system. According to the American Lung Association, red blood cells collect the oxygen from the lungs and carry it throughout the body where it is needed. As the red blood cells travel through the body, they collect the carbon dioxide, taking it back to the lungs where it is then exhaled. The human body needs oxygen in order to sustain itself. The average…

M1 outline the adaptations to cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal and energy systems, brought about by regular exercise Cardiovascular System The cardiovascular system consists of the blood vessels and the heart. They function is to circulate the blood around the body to all the muscles. The red blood cells carry oxygen to all the muscles through the vein (carries blood to the heart). The veins have thin walls and contain blood under the low pressure. The arteries (carries blood away…

- Inner Layer; An inner endothelial cell layer called tunica intima lines the arteries and veins. The tunica intima, is a single layer of squamous epithelial cells that lines the inner surface of the entire cardiovascular system. In many veins, the tunica intima is equipped with pockets that act as one-way valves. These valves prevent the back flow of blood and allow the veins to act as supplemental pumps that help to keep the blood following in one direction, back toward the heart. The activity…

Homeostasis is a continuing balance of the body systems to maintain normal function. All systems within the body must work together to keep this balance. If one system should begin to function abnormally, it can throw off the body's entire homeostasis, or steady state. The cardiovascular systems distributes oxygen rich blood from the lungs to all of the body's organs and tissues by its heart pump and many arteries and veins. Cells throughout absorb what oxygen and nutrients are needed and then…

In order to understand why CAD is such a fatal disease, one must understand the coronary circulation of the heart. Coronary circulation is essentially the circulation of blood in the vessels of the myocardium (Heart muscle) that ultimately deliver oxygen-rich blood to the heart. The two main blood vessels that are associated with coronary circulation are the right coronary artery and the left coronary artery. These two major arteries bifurcate off of the Aorta and encircle the heart ultimately…

are responsible for the beating heart. They are able to receive electrical impulses from the brain and move them throughout the heart cells, causing cardiomyocytes to contract, and the heart to beat. Pacemaker cells receive signals from the nervous system telling them to cause the heart rate to increase or decrease depending on what the body needs. They move electrical impulses through the heart about 70 times a…