Chemical kinetics

This experiment monitored the synthesis of uridine from the deamination of cytidine through separating the contents of the reaction mixture using HPLC (High-performance liquid chromatography) at various time intervals since the start of the reaction. Cytidine and uridine standards are ran and the output of the HPLC will show two peaks based on the retention times of each compound. Identified the peak with the retention time of 2.422 minutes is cytidine and uridine has a retention time of 2.716…

Trayc Poppenhager May 5, 2015 TA: GK Chem 341 Thermodynamics and Kinetic Control Goal: The overall goal of this experiment was to learn and observe about kinetic and thermodynamic control of different reactions by noticing which product forms faster or slower and possibly which reaction is more stable than the rest of the reactions. Significance: Organic chemists find using kinetic and thermodynamic control useful because they use the concept of the reactions to figure out…

Background Research Chemical kinetics is the research of chemical processes which relates to the mechanisms and rates of chemical reactions (Sciencebuddies). The mechanisms describe variations of each molecule during the chemical action such as which bond is broken, which bond together newly, and how the three-dimensional shape of the chemical changes (Sciencebuddies). The rate of the reaction is measuring the speed of the chemical reactions (Sciencebuddies). Study of chemical kinetics would…

List factors affecting the rate of a chemical reaction: 2. Why the reaction you are studying is called “Iodine Clock Reaction”? 3. What catalyst will be used during this experiment? How use of catalyst should affect the rate of a reaction? 4. Discuss special safety precautions…

Content Stoichiometry is the relationship of the masses of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction. For a given mass of a substance in a reaction, the mass of any other substance in the reaction can be obtained using the coefficients of the balanced chemical equations and the molar masses of the substances involved. The amounts obtainable from a balanced chemical equation are called stoichiometric amounts (Villamar Jr., 2004). As what was said in the introduction, the first topic that…

Experiment 4: Kinetics of Nucleophilic Substitutions 1. Determine the effect of varying [OH-] on the rate of the reaction. To do this, you should complete the following table: Experiment [tBuCl]0 (M) [OH-]0 (M) Time (s) Reaction rate (M/s) Rate constant (s-1) 1 0.03 0.003 65 4.89 · 10-5 1.62 · 10-3 2 0.03 0.006 213 3.15 · 10-5 1.05 · 10-3 3 0.03 0.009 362 2.96 · 10-5 9.85 · 10-4 What is the dependence of [OH-] on the rate law? The effect of the increased or…

Catalysts and Inhibitors work by providing an alternative reaction pathway for the breaking and remaking of bonds in chemical reactions, changing the speed of the reaction. They are neither consumed in the reaction. Rather, they alter the amount of activation energy required. Different reactions require different catalysts, as well as different reactions require different inhibitors. The reaction energy path controls the speed of the reaction. The molecules follow the path of least resistance,…

Stoichiometry is known as the quantitative relationship between various products and reactants in a chemical reaction. There are many ways one can stoichiometry in his/her advantage. If you start off with a known amount of reactant, stoichiometry can definitely be used to make a prediction to the amounts of the future product that will be formed. And in the other side, if you has a desired amount of product want, you can use stoichiometry to predict of on how much reactant you will need to…

1. Iodide proved to be the more reactive nucleophile in this reaction. This nucleophile was faster than Chloride, because on the periodic table, Iodine has a bigger atomic size, while Chlorine has the higher electronegativity, but size trumps electronegativity, as according to ARIO rules. This means that Iodine is more acidic than Chlorine, which means that in the reaction, the Iodide could displace the Bromine from the 1-bromooctane, because it has a bigger size, much faster than the Chloride,…

Chemical change is any change that results in the formation of new chemical substances. Chemical changes take place on the molecular level. Another way to think of it is that a chemical change accompanies a chemical reaction. To find if a Chemical Change is occurring you need to determine whether a new substance has formed because of the change. If a new substance has been produced, then a chemical change has occurred. The new substance formed in a chemical change could be a solid, liquid or…