Brachial artery

Data regarding the cardiovascular system of older adults is slightly limited, due to the fact that older people are usually not included in clinical trials. However, enough research has been done to identify common physiological changes in the geriatric cardiovascular system, such as: increased heart weight; decreased number of myocardial cells with enlargement of remaining cells; increased left ventricle wall thickness; increased arterial stiffness; increased elastin levels; increased collagen…

Outline of Case and Objectives  43 year old male  Previous laparotomy about 10 years ago due to gunshot abdomen  Presenting now with a single stab wound to the right epigastric region, pericardial effusion confirmed by ultrasound. Explorative laparotomy done- patient has right ventricular injury and right sided diaphragmatic injury  The patient was intubated and ventilated  The patient had the following devices in place: o Right Intercostal Chest Drain (ICD) for a haemothorax which drained…

Progeria is an exceptionally rare genetic disease that causes premature aging, its estimated to affect one in four million newborns worldwide. The name originated from Greek, which means “prematurely old”. This genetic disease is fatal and it comes in many forms. Children diagnosed with Progeria usually appear normal, and throughout the first two years of life the disease will start to progress. Children with Progeria are expected to live about 13 years, although there are known cases in which…

Purpose: To find out if there is a connection between stress and cardiovascular disease. Hypothesis: The author’s hypothesis is that since previous studies has concluded that there is a link between stress and higher activity in the bone marrow and arteries in animals, the same could apply to humans. The author hypotheses that there is a link between stress at one region of the human brain and the risk of heart attack and stroke. Method 239 patients participated in this research. These…

Blood is the only liquid in the body that is classified as connective tissue. Its function is to transport oxygen, metabolic wastes such as carbon dioxide and nitrogenous waste from the kidneys. Regulation of the body’s pH, body temperature, and maintenance of the liquid volume in the circulatory system. Lastly, protection by way of Leukocyte activation and preventing blood loss by way of the platelets in the blood. Blood is composed of 55% plasma (water, salts, plasma proteins, and other…

Let looks on how the pressure is develop into the clinical condition. Pressure ulcers develop because of the weight of the body giving a pressure toward the skin. The pressure disrupt the blood flow to the affected area of the skin. This disease usually occur where the bone is close to skin (Bony prominence) is pressured against a surface such as floor, a chair or even a bed. The compression toward the skin and the underlying tissue causes the blood vessel to damage. Even when less pressure is…

Blood pressure is the pressure applied by blood on the walls of blood vessels, it is controlled by a negative feedback system where heart rate and blood volume need to be altered in order to control the pressure. Local negative feedback systems and heart rate is regulated but the cardiovascular centre which also in turn controls neural and hormonal mechanisms. Neurons regulate heart rate and contractility and some neurons inhibit, stimulate or control heart rate by causing constriction which…

A polygraph is a common instrument of measurement to calculate and document physiological aspects such as respiration rate, electrodermal activity, and heart rate. The relevant uses of measuring respiration rate as well as heart rate are quite common in a wide variety of applications. However, electrodermal activity and the galvanic skin response are not commonly measured things in places such as the medical field, or education. Electrodermal activity (EDA) refers to the variation of the…

The respiratory system is responsible for the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body to meet metabolic demands. The way a person’s breathe can be affected is by emotions and/or changes in the internal environment. The breathing process is mainly controlled by the brainstem and peripheral system. The brainstem controls several important functions of the body like arousal, breathing, and blood pressure, among other functions. In the brainstem, the medullary respiratory center consists of…

body. Several conditions can hamper the ability of the heart to effectively pump blood. Abnormalities or muscle disease or heart valves can cause failure of the heart to maintain an adequate blood circulation. Coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, or narrowed or clogged arteries can compromise the blood…