Asymmetric information

NSA foreign partnerships and the scope of information these international governments shared. The tier one nations are known as the Five Eyes, where there is an agreement made between the United…

Executive Summary The Information Technology (IT) Strategic Plan defines the initiatives and objectives that align with the City’s business goals and needs. The Plan identifies a strategy in order for the City to successfully invest in and use technology to enable the City to support and improve service delivery. The Plan describes the current City organization and provides details on the Information Technology Services (ITS) Department as it is the Department’s responsibility to deliver…

main objective of the attacks is to ask for money from the victims. Organizations created and stored numbers of information or data in their system everyday which are increasing from day to day. Moreover, cybercriminals has already learnt an investigated about their victims before attacks, for sure they will targeted an organization that earns such a huge amount of income. The information in the organization is essential for its business operation, without it the organization cannot run the…

that the NSA’s Foreign Affairs Directorate works with any “foreign intelligence services, counterintelligence centers and the UK/USA and FIVE EYES exchanges.” (p.3) The Office of Export Control Policy is also included in same directorate. The Information Assurance Directorate (IA) is “the center of the NSA’s cyber warfare and defense program offices.” (p.3) The Signals Intelligence Directorate (SIGINT) is the most functional and important one. This directorate has three subdivisions; one that…

Why is it important to protect information in the food service industry to maintain competitive advantage? Information security is the process of protecting the availability, privacy, and integrity of data. Information technology and methods of securing it have been around for centuries. Whether it is hiding your diary under your pillow, keeping a secret from others, or encrypting your passwords on a desktop, the need to secure data or information has always been important. In the food service…

involves an audit of the project deliverables and an assessment of the outcomes of the original plan. A network interface unit (NIU) also know as network interface is a device that serves as a standard interface for various other devices. Security information technology (IT), is the defense…

Globalization in the modern world, as well as the advancement of information technology, has prompted every business to embrace information systems in all their activities for their ultimate success. Decisions require the collection of information to enable the accumulation of assets in the long run. Information processing, on the other hand, requires the business to embrace information systems of the advanced technology. Where a company applies information system technology in its operations,…

acronym for (modulator-demodulator) which essentially means that its primary job is to encode and decode binary signals to allow computers or essentially any end systems to access the Internet. Originally, phone lines were used to carry analog information and a converter was needed to decode these signals, therefore the modem was born. Initially, modems were used as a way for Teletype machines (printers) to communicate over telephone lines. In the 1960’s however, modems became much more popular…

So, what are the main security threats affecting SMEs and what defences could be put in place to eliminate or minimise these threats? First we need to ask if there is a problem regarding security against SMEs and if so how large is this problem? Looking at the BIS ISBS 2015 we can clearly see a worrying increase in breaches when compared to the slight decrease that was reported in the surveys report of 2014. 74% of small businesses reported a breach in 2015 up from 60% a year ago. (BIS, 2015) Of…

The first basic language modelling approach in IR is the Query Likelihood Model (QLM) to estimate the probability of generating the query terms as a random sample from the document. In particular, the probability $P(d/q)$ of a document $d$ conditioning on query $q$ as likelihood relevant represent the QLM models citep{ponte1998sigir}. Applying Baye 's rule on $P(d/q)$ to get: egin{equation} label{BayesQLM} P(d/q) = frac{P(q/d)P(d)}{P(q)} end{equation} where $P(q)$ could be ignored as it is…