Radial artery

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increases more with age than the carotid-radial PWV. This is due to the reduction of elasticity in central arteries; the PWV of these arteries is included in the carotid-toe measurement but not the carotid-radial measurement. First of all, the propagative model of the circulatory system is used when examining PWV. This model consists of distensible arteries that end with resistance vessels, whose distributed elastic properties allow the generation of a pressure wave that travels along the…

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understand some of the differences in veins and arteries. The arteries in the systemic system, deliver oxygenated blood from the heart, in a high pressure low volume stream to the capillaries found throughout the body. The systemic veins carry the deoxygenated blood from the capillary beds in a low pressure, high volume, valve controlled flow, back to the heart. From there, the heart pumps the deoxygenated blood through pulmonary artery to be taken to the lungs to replenish the oxygen in the…

A 42-year-old male is admitted to the ICU for septic shock and hypotension. Vital signs include heart rate of 115 beats/min, respiratory rate 22 breaths/min, blood pressure of 82/40 mmHg, and oxygen saturation of 88% on 2L nasal cannula. A vasopressor is needed to address this patient’s hypotension. Prior to placement of an arterial line at the radial artery, which of the following describes the most appropriate diagnostic test? A. Instruct the patient to flex the elbow to 90 degrees while the…

Chapter 4 STENT DESIGNS Stents are small meshed spring like tubular structures used in angiolplasty to treat the narrow or weak coronary arteries that carry blood. The implantation of stent prevents the arteries from blowing out for a longer duration after surgery. One of the causes for blockage of arteries is the plaque deposition in the inner parts that eventually block the blood flow and may also lead to heart attacks. …

Monitoring included standard anesthesia monitors, bispectral index (BIS), twitch stimulator, invasive central venous (CVP), and arterial pressure monitoring. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was considered and made available at the bedside, although it was not utilized due to its interference with the cranial fluoroscopy imaging. Mechanical ventilation using pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) mode was used throughout the case with the following parameters: peak airway…

recorded basal transthoracic impedance (Z0) and the first derivative of that impedance, the change in impedance over time (dZ/dt). Biopac EL-500 dual-electrodes were placed on each side of the neck and on both sides of the abdomen (under the arms) at the level of the thoracic xiphisternal junction. An AC current of 4 mA at 100 kHz was passed through the four outer electrodes (the top electrodes on the neck and the bottom electrodes on the abdomen), and Z0 was measured from the four inner…

experiment, we are trying to examine heart rate and blood pressure at the reclining and standing position with light exercise. Blood flow throughout valves of the heart can cause pressure changes within the chambers (760). The force applied to the heart’s walls and the pressure in the venous system is blood pressure (793). In determining blood pressure, systolic pressure appears when an artery is stretched to its maximum during contraction of the heart chambers, and diastolic pressure appears…

Implantation of a stent within a coronary artery alters the local hemodynamics modifying the shear stress upon the endothelium. 14 Low endothelial shear stress causes a phenotypic change in which can induce a phenotypic switch in the smooth muscle cells from contractile to secretory as well as increase migration into the intima and proliferation. 15 Overall, regular or high endothelial shear stress maintains the contractile phenotype of the smooth muscle cells therefore inhibiting neointimal…