A priori

The Code has declared. “No experiment should be conducted where there is an a priori reason to believe that death or disabling injury will occur...” (Doerflinger par. 5). This code claims that because embryonic stem cell research is involved with the destruction of a human, it should be prohibited to do such a thing for research.…

Many individuals go about their lives in an ordinary fashion, until someone around them deceives them. At that moment, this individual may seek the truth; this person will go out of their way to find the facts and the reality of the situation. In a sense, human beings are on a constant quest for the truth, without truly realizing it. However, two famous philosophers did notice this unforeseen quest: Rene Descartes and William James. Rene Descartes delves deeper into the topic of the truth in his…

to these conclusions about the essence of the world, Aristotle uses the methods of scientific inquiry, experimentation, and deductive reasoning. Whereas Plato believed that one should aim to understand the physical and intelligible worlds through a priori contemplation, Aristotle believed that one must experience the world and use the deductive method in order to understand the two…

William James argued that under the right conditions it is legitimate to will to believe in something even without evidence to support it. The only reason not to will to believe something would be if there is evidence provided against it. He also claimed that one cannot be criticized for forming these beliefs (James, Part 5). This claim, by James, is incorrect. One, instead, should be able to criticize the beliefs of others. James is correct in claiming that one should use their will when…

Mark Granovetter is a sociologist at Stanford University. He is perhaps best known for his highly influential articles, "The Strength of Weak Ties," and "Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness. Rooting]. “The concepts of rootedness and the strength of weak ties have been widely adopted, creating new areas of research. At this time Professor Granovetter is a faculty member in the Department of Sociology at Stanford University. He developed several theories on sociology…

and self-knowledge. Arcadia presents a strong conflict between scientific knowledge and self-knowledge. Based on the source from which the knowledge manifests, allows one to distinguish between the following two types of propositional knowledge. A priori knowledge, also known as universal knowledge, is arrived at independently of all particular experiences and held universally; a posteriori knowledge derives from the experience. According to Aristotle, human beings have a natural desire and…

Does the Chinese room provide a strong enough argument against Strong Artificial Intelligence? In this essay I will argue that Searle’s ‘Chinese Room’ does not entirely disprove a possibility of strong Artificial Intelligence (AI). I will briefly outline the concept of strong AI (as opposed to weak AI), the thought experiment itself, and why it poses a threat to Strong AI. I will then provide and discuss a range of objections to Searle’s. AI by essence seeks to build an intelligent machine and…

Fig. 1a describes a traditional centralized inventory system. Two companies produce two different products, and each company owns a plant and a warehouse. Each warehouse supplies distribution centres belonging to the retailers and each Distribution Centre supplies in a region where customer demand is satisfied. For each order of a product the sourcing point is already predetermined. The inventory control decisions are taken when ordering new items and their quantity, while considering factors,…

In order to consider the topic of rational justification of decision-making and moral responsibility, one must observe the case study that was presented, which was titled, Baby Samantha. This particular case study is a very interesting one due to the fact that Geoff Baumgartner, the disability home’s manager, has Samantha’s life in the palm of his hands. The main argument held is whether or not Geoff should let baby Samantha die due to negligence where the disability home had failed to pump her…

In the article, Kassin (2005) explicates on the interrogation process of accusers in crimes and the psychology behind innocent individuals who falsely “confess” to those crimes. Kassin also explains the results of multiple studies that test the accuracy of police investigators in the pre interrogation interview, the tendency of the accused to waive their Miranda rights, and the likelihood of detectives presuming the suspect’s guilt after the first two prior steps. With such cases such as the…