Lifespan Development Exam 3

Front 1

variations of __ in height between children of the same age are not unusual and well within normal ranges

Back 1

6 in

Front 2

during middle childhood boys and girls both gain about __ a year

Back 2

5-7 lbs

Front 3

the intake of too many calories

Back 3

overnutrtition

Front 4

body weight that is more than 20 percent above teh avearge for a given age and height

Back 4

obesity

Front 5

why do fine motor skills increase during middle childhood?

Back 5

increased myelination

Front 6

injury death rates are __ among american indian and alaska natives, and __ for asian and pacific islanders

Back 6

highest, lowest

Front 7

the most frequent injury to children is ++

Back 7

automobile accidents

Front 8

the most reliable safeguard for safety on the web is __

Back 8

parental supervision

Front 9

__ children and adolescents has a psychological disorder that produces at least some imapirment

Back 9

1:5

Front 10

a difficulty in seeing that may include blindness or partial sightedness

Back 10

visual impariment

Front 11

a special need that involves the loss of hearing or some aspect of hearing

Back 11

auditory impairment

Front 12

visual acutiy below 20/200 after correction

Back 12

blindness

Front 13

visual acuity of less than 20/70 after correction

Back 13

partial sightedness

Front 14

speech that deviates so much from the speech of others that it calls attention to itself, interferes with communication, or produces maladjustment in teh speaker

Back 14

speech impairment

Front 15

substantial disruptoin in the rhythm and fluency of speech; the most common speech impairment

Back 15

stuttering

Front 16

difficultires in teh acquisition and use of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical abilities

Back 16

learning disabilities

Front 17

learing disorder marked by inattention, impulsiveness, a low tolerance for frustration, and generally a great deal of inappropriate activity

Back 17

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Front 18

speech impairments occur in around __% of the school-population

Back 18

3-5

Front 19

a reading disability that can result in the visual misperception of letters, unusual difficulty in spelling or sounding out letters, and left-right confusion

Back 19

dyslexia

Front 20

brains of children with ADHD show less thickening of the __ compared to the brains of typical children at the same age

Back 20

cortex

Front 21

persistent difficulty in finishing tasks, following instructions, and organizing work; fidgeting, squirming, inability to watch an entire television program; frequent interruption of others or excessive talking; a tendency to jump into a task before hearing all the insturctions, difficulty in watiting or remaining seated. these are all signs of __

Back 21

ADHD

Front 22

the period of cognitive development between 7 and 12 years of age, which is characterized by the active, and appropriate, use of logic

Back 22

concrete operational stage

Front 23

From piagets perspective, preschoolers think __. they are largely egocentric and lack the ability to use operations

Back 23

preoperationally

Front 24

organized formal logical mental processes

Back 24

operations

Front 25

concrete operational thought applies __ to concrete problems

Back 25

logical operations

Front 26

the ability to take multiple aspects of a situation into account

Back 26

decentering

Front 27

the notion that transformations to a stimulus can be reveresed

Back 27

reversibility

Front 28

__ thinking allows children to grasp such concepts as the relationship between time and speed

Back 28

concrete operational

Front 29

the process by which information is initially recorded, stored, and retrieved

Back 29

memory

Front 30

short term memory

Back 30

working memory

Front 31

an understanding about the processes that underlie memory, which emerges and improves during middle childhood

Back 31

matamemory

Front 32

intentionally used tactics to improve cognitive processing

Back 32

control strategies

Front 33

vygotsky proposed that cognitive advances occur through exposure to infomration within a childs __

Back 33

zone of proximal development

Front 34

influenced by vygotsky, where children work in groups to achieve a common goal

Back 34

cooperative learning

Front 35

a technique to teach reading comprehension strategies influenced by vygotsky, students skim the content of a pssage, raise questions aobut its central point, summerize the passage, and finally predict what will happen next

Back 35

reciprocal teaching

Front 36

tone of voice

Back 36

intonation

Front 37

an understanding of one's own use of language

Back 37

metalinguistic awareness

Front 38

the use of more than one language

Back 38

billingualism

Front 39

where children are initally taught in their native language, while they learn english

Back 39

bilingual education

Front 40

in almost all developing countries, more __ than __ recieve formal education

Back 40

males, females

Front 41

stages of reading (4)

Back 41

stage 0: birth-1rst grade, children learn prequisties for reading; stage 1: involves phonological recoding skills (sound out words by blending letters together); stage 2: 2nd-3rd grade, learn to read aloud with fluency, don't attach meaning with words; stage 3: 4th-8th grade, reading becomes a way to learn, only able to understand when info is presented from one perspective; stage 4: children are able to read and process info that reflects multiple points of view

Front 42

the model in which the goal was to assimilate individual cultural identities into a unique, unified american culture

Back 42

cultural assimilation model

Front 43

the concept that american society is made up of diverse, coequal cultural groups that should preserve their individual cultural features

Back 43

plualistic society model

Front 44

an approach to reading where teachers focus on the basic skills that underlie reading such as leter sounds and combinations

Back 44

code-based approaches

Front 45

an approach to reading that regards reading as a natural process ismilar to the aquisition of oral languqage

Back 45

whole language approach

Front 46

the__ approach is the more supported approach to reading

Back 46

code based

Front 47

maintaining ones original cultural identity while integrating oneself into the dominant culture

Back 47

bicultural identity

Front 48

a form of education in which the goa is to khelp minority students develop confidence in the culture of the majority group while maintianing positive group identities that build on their origianl cultures

Back 48

multicultural education

Front 49

the capacity to understand the world, think with rationality, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges

Back 49

intelleigence

Front 50

the typical intelligence level found for people at a given chronological age

Back 50

mental age

Front 51

the actual age of the child taking the intelligence test

Back 51

chronological age

Front 52

a score that accounts for a students mental and chronological age (MA/CAx100)

Back 52

itelligence quotient

Front 53

a tset that conisits fo a series of items that vary according to the age of the person being tested

Back 53

stanford-binet itelligence scales, fifth edition

Front 54

a test for children that provides separate measures of verbal and performance (or nonverbal) skills, as well as a total score

Back 54

wechsler intelligence scale for children fourth edition

Front 55

an intelligence test that measures childrens ability to integrate different stimuli simultaneously and to use sequential thinking

Back 55

kaufman assessment battery for children, second edition

Front 56

intelligence that refelcts information processing capabilities, reasoning, and memory

Back 56

fluid intelligence

Front 57

the accumulation of information, skills, and strategies that people have learned through experience and that they can apply in problem solving situations

Back 57

crystallized intelligence

Front 58

an intelligence assessment by vygotsky where we look at not onlly fully developed cognitive processes, but those in current development as well. to do this, he contended that assessment tasks should involve cooperative interaction between the assessed inidivial and teh assessor. this is called __

Back 58

dynamic assessment

Front 59

rather than focusing on the subcomponents that make up the __ of intelligence, information processing approaches examine the __ of underlying intelligent behavior

Back 59

structure, processess

Front 60

a model that states that intelligence consits of three aspects of information processing: the componential element, the experiential element, and teh contexual element

Back 60

triarchic theory of intelligence

Front 61

a publication of a blood by richard herrnstien stating that the avetrage 15 point IQ difference between whites and african americans is dur primarily to heredity

Back 61

the bell curve

Front 62

the setting that is most similar to that of children without special needs

Back 62

least restrictive environment

Front 63

an educational approach in which exceptional children are integrated to the extent possible intothe traditional educational system and are provided with a broad range of educational alternatives

Back 63

mainstreaming

Front 64

the integration of all students even those with teh most severe disabilites into regular classes

Back 64

full inclusion

Front 65

a significantly subaverage level of intellectual functioning that occurs with related limitations in two or more skill areas

Back 65

mental retardation (intellectual disability

Front 66

retardation in which IQ socres fall in the range of 50 or 55 to 70

Back 66

mild retardation

Front 67

retardation in which IQ scores range from around 35 or 40 to 50-55

Back 67

moderate retardation

Front 68

retardation in which IQ scares range from around 20 or 25 to 35 or 40

Back 68

severe retardation

Front 69

retardation in whcih IQ scores fall below 20 or 25

Back 69

profound retardation

Front 70

children who show evidence of high performance capability in aresas such as intellectual, creative, artisitc, leadership capacity, or specific academic fields

Back 70

gifted and talented

Front 71

most cases of mental retradation are classified as __, in which no cause is apparent beyond a history of retradatin in the family

Back 71

familial retardation

Front 72

the most common cause of mental retardation

Back 72

fetal alcohol syndrome

Front 73

special programs that allow gifted students to move ahead at their own pace, even if this means skipping to higher grade levels

Back 73

acceleration

Front 74

an approach through which students are kept at grade level but are enrolled in special programs and given individual activities to allow greater depth of study on a given topic

Back 74

enrichment

Front 75

according to erik erikson, middle childhood is largely about __

Back 75

competence

Front 76

the major challenge in middle childhood is __

Back 76

industry vs inferiority

Front 77

according to erikson the period form age 6-12 characterized by a focus on efforts to attain competence in meeting the challenges presented by peers, school, and the other complexities of the modern world

Back 77

industry-versus inferiority stage

Front 78

chidrens self concepts become divided into__ and__ spheres

Back 78

personal, academic

Front 79

an individuals overall and specific positive and negative self-evaluation

Back 79

self-esteem

Front 80

a theory that states minority group members are likely to acceptthe majority group s negative view only of tehy percieve that there is little possiblity of changing teh ower and status diffrences between the groups

Back 80

social identity theory

Front 81

the lowest level of morla development where poeople follow rigid rules based on punishments or rewards

Back 81

preconventional morality

Front 82

the level of morality in which people approach moral problems as good, responsible members of society

Back 82

conventional morality

Front 83

the stage of morality that invokes universal moral principles that are considred broader than teh rules of their particular society

Back 83

postconventional morality

Front 84

stage of kohlbergs moral development where: obedience and pnishment orientation; at this stage people stick to rules in order to avoid punishment and obedience occurs for its own sake

Back 84

stage 1

Front 85

stage of kohlbergs moral development where: reward orientation: at this stage, rules are followed only for a persons own benefit. obedience occurs because of rewards that are recieved

Back 85

stage 2

Front 86

stage of kohlbergs moral development where: "good boy" morality: individuals at this stage show an interest in maintaining the respect of others and doing what is exepected of them

Back 86

stage 3

Front 87

stage of kohlbergs moral development where: authority and social order maintaining morality: people at this stage conform to society's rules and consider that right is what society defines as right

Back 87

stage 4

Front 88

stage of kohlbergs moral development where: morality of contract individual rights rights and democratically accepted law: pepole at this stage do what is right because o f a sense of obligation to lawas that are agreed upon within society. they perceive that laws can be modified as part of changes in an implicit social contract

Back 88

stage 5

Front 89

stage of kohlbergs moral development where: morality of individual pricniples and conscience: at this final stage, a person follows laws because they are based on univeral ethical principles. lawas that violate the principles are disobeyed

Back 89

stage 6

Front 90

turiels theory that says children distinguish between the domains of social conventiaonal reasoning and moral reasoning

Back 90

moral domain theory

Front 91

kohlbergs theory of moral development has difficulty in explaining __ moral judgments

Back 91

girls

Front 92

stage of friendship where form ages 4-7, children see friends as others who like them and with whom they share toys and other activies

Back 92

stage 1: basing friendhship on others behavior

Front 93

stage of friendship where: from 8-10 chidren take others personal qualities and traits as well as the rwards they provide into condiseration

Back 93

stage 2: basing friendship on trust

Front 94

what is stage 2 of friendshipo based on?

Back 94

mutual trust

Front 95

stage of friendship where: from 11-15 when children develop the view of frienship they will hold in adolescence

Back 95

stage 3: basing frienship on psychological closeness

Front 96

the evaluation of a role or person by other relevant members of a group

Back 96

status

Front 97

the collection of social skills that permit individuals to perform successfully in social settings

Back 97

social competence

Front 98

the use of strategies for solving social conflicts in ways that are satisfactory both to oneself and to others

Back 98

social problem solving

Front 99

unpopular children may become victims of a phenomenon known as __, because they don't understand the root cuases of thie runpopularity and may feel that they have little or no ability to improve their situation

Back 99

learned helplessness

Front 100

rankings that represent the relative social power of those in a group

Back 100

dominance hierarchy

Front 101

type of play in which interactions are interrupted when a child feels his status is challenged

Back 101

restrictive play

Front 102

a period in which parents and children jointly control childrens behavior

Back 102

coregulation

Front 103

children who let themselves into their homes after school and wait alone until their caretakers return form work, previously known as latchkey children

Back 103

self-care children

Front 104

a remarried couple who has at least one stepchild living with them

Back 104

blended families

Front 105

children in a blended family face th challenges of __ in which roles and expectations are unclear

Back 105

role ambiguity

Front 106

gay and lesbian parents reported __ relationships with their children than did hetersosexual parents

Back 106

better

Front 107

the developmental stage that lies between childhood and adulthood

Back 107

adolescence

Front 108

the period during which the sexual organs mature

Back 108

puberty

Front 109

the onset of mentruation

Back 109

menarche

Front 110

a pattern of change occurring over several generations

Back 110

secular trend

Front 111

characteristics associated with teh devlopment of the organs and sturctures of the body that directly relate to reproduction

Back 111

primary sex characteristics

Front 112

the visible signs of sexual maurity that do not directly involve the sex organs

Back 112

secondary sex characteristics

Front 113

a boys first ejaculation

Back 113

spermarche

Front 114

a severe eating disorder in which individuals refuse to eat, while denying that their behavior and appearance, whcih may become skeletal are out of the ordinary

Back 114

anorexia nervosa

Front 115

an eating disorder characterized by binges on large quantities of food, followed by purges of the food through vomiting or the use of laxatives

Back 115

bulimia

Front 116

drugs that produce a biological or psychological dependence in users, leading to increasinly powerful cravings for them

Back 116

addictive drugs

Front 117

persons with alcohol probelms who have learned to epend on alcohol and are unable to control their drinking

Back 117

alcoholics

Front 118

when teens drink because they believe every one else is drinking heavily

Back 118

false consensus effect

Front 119

a infection that is spread through sexual contact

Back 119

sexually transmitted infection

Front 120

the most common STI is __

Back 120

human papilloma virus

Front 121

an infection in the vagina or penis which is caused by a paristie

Back 121

trichomoniasis

Front 122

the period at which people develop the ability to think abstractly

Back 122

formal operational stage

Front 123

reasoning that uses abstract logic in the absence of concrete examples

Back 123

propositional thought

Front 124

the model that seeks to identify the way that individuals take in, use, and store information

Back 124

information processing perspective

Front 125

the knowledge that people have about their own thinking processes and their abiliy to monitor their cognition

Back 125

metacognition

Front 126

a state of self aborption in which the world is viewed from ones own point of view

Back 126

adolescent egocentrism

Front 127

an adolescnets belif that his or her own behavior is a primary focus of others attention and concens

Back 127

imaginary audience

Front 128

the view held by some adolescents that what happens to them is unique, excptional, and shared by no one else

Back 128

personal fables

Front 129

states that poorer adolescents and members of minority groups have less access to computers than more affluent adolescents and member of socially advantaged groups

Back 129

digital divide

Front 130

__ are more likely to drop out than __

Back 130

males, females

Front 131

the period during which teenagers seek to determine what is unique and distictive about themselves

Back 131

identity vs identity confusion stage

Front 132

a period during whcih they take time off form the upcoming responsibilities of adulthood to explore various roles and possibilities

Back 132

psychological moratorium

Front 133

psychological investment in a corse of actin or an ideology

Back 133

commitment

Front 134

maria 4 categories of identity:

Back 134

1. identity achievement 2. identity foreclosure 3. moratorium 4. identity diffusion

Front 135

the status of adolescents who may have expored various identity alternatives to some degree, but have not yet committed themselves

Back 135

moratorium

Front 136

the satus of adolescents who consider various identity alternatives but never commit to one or never even consider identity options in any conscious way

Back 136

identity confusion

Front 137

a sense of attachement to some higher power such as God, nature, or something sacred

Back 137

spirituality

Front 138

the stage of faith in wihch indidivuals refelct on their beliefs and values

Back 138

individuative reflective stage of faith

Front 139

a stage of faith in which individuals develop a broad, inclusive view of religion and all humanity

Back 139

conjunctive stage of faith

Front 140

a view that says individual cultural identities should be assimilated into a unifed culture in teh US (the melting pot model)

Back 140

cultural assimilation model

Front 141

suggests that US society is made up of diverse coequal cultural groups that should preserve their individual features

Back 141

pluralistic society model

Front 142

the sense of membership in a racial or ethnic group and the feeling that are associated with that membership

Back 142

racial and ethinic identity

Front 143

identiy from ones own culture while integrating into a dominant culture

Back 143

bicultural idenity

Front 144

having independence and a sense of control over ones life

Back 144

autonomy

Front 145

a divide between parents and adolescents in attitudes, valuse, aspirations, and world views

Back 145

generation gap

Front 146

groups of people with whom one compares onelself

Back 146

reference groups

Front 147

gropus of from 2-12 people whose members have frequenct social interactions with one another

Back 147

cliques

Front 148

larger groups than cliques, composed of individuals who share partcular characteristics but who may not interact with oen antoher

Back 148

crowds

Front 149

sex segregation in which boys interact primarily with boys and girls primarly with girls

Back 149

sex cleavage

Front 150

children who are liked by some peers and disliked by others

Back 150

controversial adolescents

Front 151

children who are actively disliked, and whose peers may react to them in an obviously negative manner

Back 151

rejected adolescents

Front 152

children who recieve relatively little attention from their peers in teh form of either positive or negative interactions

Back 152

neglected adolescents

Front 153

the influence of ones peers to conform to their behavior and attitudes

Back 153

peer pressure

Front 154

adolescent delinquents who are raised with littel discipline or with ahrsh, uncaring parental supervision

Back 154

undersocialized delinquents

Front 155

adolescent delinquetns who know and subscribe to the norms of society and who are fairly normal psychologically

Back 155

socialized delinquents

Front 156

__ delinquents are typically highly peer influenced

Back 156

socialized

Front 157

factors explaining drops in teen pregnancies (4)

Back 157

raised awareness of risk, rate of sex has declined, use of condoms and contreception has increased, susbitutes for sex are more prevelant

Front 158

Which of the following is an example of a gross motor skill that develops in middle childhood?

Back 158

throwing a baseball

Front 159

A likely result of parents’ need to control all of their child’s food choices is that the child will _______.

Back 159

lack the ability to regulate their food intake later in life

Front 160

Which of the following is a negative aspect associated with treating children with antidepressant drugs?

Back 160

little is known about correct dosage

Front 161

Kelly is proud to show her mom her practice paper for cursive writing. Cursive writing is an example of a ____ skill

Back 161

fine motor skill

Front 162

The average height of both boys and girls by age 11 is just under ____ feet.

Back 162

5

Front 163

n the United States, variations in height and weight are usually due to __________.

Back 163

genetics

Front 164

Although every child has different capabilities, children with ________ differ significantly in physical attributes or learning abilities

Back 164

special needs

Front 165

n order to be considered legally blind, a person would have the most obvious difficulty with _______.

Back 165

distance vision

Front 166

Which of the following has NOT been a typical treatment recommended for those who have been diagnosed with ADHD?

Back 166

steroids

Front 167

The newest threat to children’s safety in middle childhood is ________.

Back 167

using the internet

Front 168

______ is characterized by inattention, impulsiveness, low tolerance for frustration, and large amounts of inappropriate activity.

Back 168

ADHD

Front 169

Which of the following is NOT a good way parents can help children be more physically active?
Parents should be an exercise role model.

Parents should encourage children to find an exercise partner.

Parents should be directive and control what their children eat.

Parents should make exercise fun.

Back 169

parents should be directive and control what their children eat

Front 170

Which of the following children would likely be diagnosed with a learning disability?
Kaylee started to stutter when she turned two.

Trevor was unable to see the board at school last year, so he got new glasses before school started in the fall.

Kendra completely understands the story she just read, but is unable to answer any of the questions correctly on the test.

Bryan’s partial hearing loss has been corrected with a hearing aid implanted in his ear.

Back 170

kendra completely understands the story she just read, but is unabel to answer any of teh questions correctly on the test

Front 171

Children who grasp the ________ concept realize that a ball of clay squeezed into a long, thin rope can become a ball again.

Back 171

revesitibilty

Front 172

Conversational skills, such as understanding that conversations need turn-taking, develop as children become more competent in using ________.

Back 172

pragmatics

Front 173

The pluralistic society model was recognized by educators in the early ________.

Back 173

1970's

Front 174

If a student was asked to group a series of letters according to some criterion or to remember a set of numbers, that student would have to use _______ intelligence to comply with the request.

Back 174

fluid

Front 175

he intent of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act was to ensure that special needs children were ___________.

Back 175

educated in the least restrictive environement

Front 176

The final stage in the process of memory is ____.

Back 176

retreival

Front 177

________ allows gifted students to move ahead at their own pace even if this leads to the skipping of a grade level.

Back 177

acceleration

Front 178

intelligence tests used today are based on the testing concepts first developed by _____.

Back 178

binet

Front 179

Carol uses Vygotsky’s approach in her classroom. Which of the following would you expect to see her students doing?

Back 179

working in cooperative groups

Front 180

Children in the concrete operational stage can use cognitive and logical processes and can consider multiple aspects of a situation when encountering problems, an ability known as __________.

Back 180

decentering

Front 181

Parents insist that their daughter be out of bed and dressed in time to catch the bus to school, but her decision to buy pizza and two cookies in the school cafeteria is her own. This is an example of ________.

Back 181

coregulation

Front 182

In stage 2 of William Damon’s stages of trust, friendship is based on _____.

Back 182

trust

Front 183

Which of the following statements demonstrates how a child might reflect his or her self-esteem?

Back 183

i am not as good at hockey as i am at tennis

Front 184

Due to the existence of ________ in groups, higher-status members can safely question and oppose those lower in status

Back 184

dominance hierarchy

Front 185

n the vast majority of cases, the single parent who is present is the _______.

Back 185

mother

Front 186

n Kohlberg’s experiment, a man’s wife will die without a certain medication; however, he is unable to afford the medication and must consider whether he should steal it to save his wife. When subjects are told this story and then asked what they would do, Kohlberg was testing the subjects' sense of _________.

Back 186

morality and justice

Front 187

According to Carole Beal, when a girl wants to solve a social conflict indirectly, it stems from __________.

Back 187

a desire to maintain equal status relationships

Front 188

________ parents can create a false sense of self-esteem in their children, which ultimately may be damaging

Back 188

highly indulgent

Front 189

Popular children are high in ________; they are better at reading nonverbal behavior and control their own nonverbal behavior effectively

Back 189

social competance

Front 190

Whenever Nicole has a playdate, she insists on only playing games that she chooses. Which stage of Gilligan’s moral development does this demonstrate?

Back 190

orientation towards individual survival

Front 191

In the first stage of William Damon’s theory on friendship, children choose friends based on ____.

Back 191

others behavior

Front 192

Which of the following sexually transmitted infections have the distinction of having been recognized for the longest time and were recorded by ancient historians.

Back 192

gonnorhia and syphillis

Front 193

Most common STIs are treatable, but can be prevented only through abstinence or barriers such as condoms. However, a vaccine is available to protect against some forms of

Back 193

HPV

Front 194

Cross-cultural research has found that anorexia nervosa is

Back 194

quite common in adolescents around the world

Front 195

Anorexia nervosa primarily afflicts women between the ages of 12 and 40 who are

Back 195

caucasian

Front 196

Obese adolescents have a(n) ______ chance of becoming obese adults.

Back 196

40

Front 197

On average, the adolescent growth spurt takes place _______ in girls than in boys.

Back 197

nearly 2 years earlier

Front 198

Developmental psychologist Giesela Labouvie-Vief argues that thinking must be flexible, allow for interpretive processes, and reflect the subtlety of cause and effect in real world events—something that she calls ________.

Back 198

postformal thinking

Front 199

According to Piaget, adolescents in the formal operational stage of development use a different form of reasoning than children in the concrete operational stage. This reasoning uses abstract logic and is called ___________.

Back 199

propositional thought

Front 200

Ethnic and racial disparities in academic achievement may be largely due to conditions under which minority students live. However, when _______________ differences are taken into consideration, achievement differences associated with race diminish (but do not vanish).

Back 200

socioeconomic

Front 201

An adolescent with a bad haircut may think that everyone is staring at his head. This demonstrates the concept of ___________.

Back 201

an imaginary audience

Front 202

According to several studies, the worries about adolescents' risk exposure during social networking, may be _____________ in the media.

Back 202

exageration

Front 203

The model of development that seeks to identify the way that individuals take in, use, and store information is called

Back 203

the information processing perspective

Front 204

Asian cultures tend to view achievement as the consequence of

Back 204

effort

Front 205

In which of the following countries do 15-year-old students have the world’s highest academic achievement in math, science, and reading?

Back 205

finland

Front 206

While studying self-esteem in adolescents, some developmentalists have considered race and gender simultaneously, coining the term _________, the combined influence of race and gender.

Back 206

ethgender

Front 207

The new norm for sexual behavior suggests that premarital intercourse is acceptable if it occurs in the context of a long-term, committed, loving relationship. This is called

Back 207

permissiveness with affection

Front 208

Among adolescents, suicide attempts are often unsuccessful; by some estimates, there are _______ attempted suicides for every successful one.

Back 208

as many as 200

Front 209

When Tonya went to college, she joined a large sorority and moved into the sorority house. Among her sorority sisters is a group of 6 girls with whom Tonya has become close, and she spends most of her social time with them. This group would be considered a

Back 209

clique

Front 210

In the last 10 years, the number of teenagers giving birth has dropped by nearly __

Back 210

33%

Front 211

More than a quarter of adolescents experience several symptoms of depression, although only a small minority experience major depression. As is true for adults, _______ struggle more with these problems.

Back 211

girls

Front 212

The average age at which adolescents have sexual intercourse for the first time has been changing over the past few decades. Today, approximately what percentage of 15-year-olds and 20-year-olds, respectively, have had intercourse?

Back 212

20%; 75%