Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 2

Front 1

Matter

Back 1

Anything that takes up space and has mass

Front 2

Mass

Back 2

Amount of material in matter, equals weight

Front 3

Atoms

Back 3

Smallest stable units of matter; building blocks of all living and non-living things

Front 4

Proton

Back 4

In nucleus, positive charge, provides mass & identity

Front 5

Neutron

Back 5

In nucleus, no charge, provides mass

Front 6

Electron

Back 6

In electron shell, negative change, allows interaction with other atoms (bonding)

Front 7

Atomic number

Back 7

Number of protons in an atom (number of protons equals number of electrons)

Front 8

Mass number

Back 8

Total number of proto s and neutrons in nucleus

Front 9

Element

Back 9

Pure substance composed of atoms of only one kind

Front 10

Valence shell

Back 10

Outermost energy level forming "surface" of atom

Front 11

Valence electrons

Back 11

Electrons in outermost energy level

Front 12

Ionic bond

Back 12

Involves loss/gaining of one or more electrons, creating bond by electrical attraction

Front 13

Ion

Back 13

Atoms that has unequal number of protons/electrons creating charge

Front 14

Cation

Back 14

Ion with positive charge

Front 15

Anion

Back 15

Ion with negative charge

Front 16

Ionization

Back 16

Dissociation of bonds that separate cations from anions that can now take part in other chemical reactions

Front 17

Covalent bonds

Back 17

Involve sharing of electons between atoms creating a bond

Front 18

Antioxidant

Back 18

Molecules that safely interact with free radicals, neutralizing them before vital molecules are damaged

Front 19

Free radical

Back 19

Destructivd ion or molecule containing unpaired electrons in the valence energy level

Front 20

Element

Back 20

Pure substance made up by only one kind of atom

Front 21

Hydrogen bond

Back 21

When hydrogen shares its electron with other atoms its proton keeps slight positive charge which allows it to form weak bonds with other slightly negative atoms

Front 22

Acid

Back 22

Substance that increases hydrogen ion concentration in a water solution when dissociation occurs, strong acids dissociate completely

Front 23

Base

Back 23

Substance that decreases hydrogen concentration in a water solution by releasing hydroxyl ions to form water molecules with the hydrogen, strong bases dissociate completely

Front 24

Surface tension

Back 24

Water uses hydrogen bonds to create a barrier the keeps small objects from entering

Front 25

Reactants

Back 25

Reacting substances in a chemical reaction

Front 26

Products

Back 26

Substances formed during chemical reaction

Front 27

Kinetic energy

Back 27

Energy of motion that can be transferred to another object and do work

Front 28

Potential energy

Back 28

Stored energy that has the potential to do work

Front 29

Enzyme

Back 29

Special proteins that promote chemical reactions by lowering their required activation energy

Front 30

Catalyst

Back 30

Compounds that speed up chemical reactions without being permanently changed or consumed; enzymes belong to this class of compounds

Front 31

Hydrophobic

Back 31

Compounds that do not readily interact with water

Front 32

Hydrophilic

Back 32

Compounds that readily interact with water

Front 33

Specificity

Back 33

Every enzyme catalyzes only one type of reaction

Front 34

Cofactor

Back 34

Helper molecule that has to bind an enzyme before a substrate can bind to it (regulation process)

Front 35

Adenosine Triphosphate

Back 35

ATP = created by phosphorylation of ADP, consists of adenine, ribose and three phosphate groups. It's the high energy compound derived from nucleotides

Front 36

Nucleotides

Back 36

Building blocks of nucleic acids, made of 3 components: nitrogenous base, penrose sugar, phosphate group

Front 37

RNA

Back 37

Ribonucleic acid, performs protein synthesis as directed by DNA

Front 38

DNA

Back 38

Deoxyribonucleic acid, stores genetic information that controls protein synthesis

Front 39

Magnesium

Back 39

Mg

Front 40

Calcium

Back 40

Ca

Front 41

Chlorine

Back 41

Cl

Front 42

Zinc

Back 42

Zn

Front 43

Copper

Back 43

Cu