Chapter 2 Anatomy & Physiology

Front 1

Why should esthetician’s have a thorough understanding of anatomy and physiology?

Back 1

Because services have an impact on body systems

Front 2

Cells are made up of a colorless, jellylike substance called __ in which food elements such as protein, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water are present

Back 2

Protoplasm

Front 3

The principal parts of the cell include the protoplasm, __, __, and ___

Back 3

•Organelles

•Nucleus

•Cell Membrane

Front 4

Found in the center of the cell, the __ plays an important role in cell reproduction

Back 4

Nucleus

Front 5

Within the nucleus of the cell, there is a fluid that contains proteins and DNA called the __

Back 5

Nucleplasm

Front 6

The process by which cells reproduce by dividing into two identical cells called daughter cells is known as ___. Cells will continue

Back 6

Mitosis

Front 7

Cells will continue to grow and thrive as long as conditions are favorable, such as suitable temperatures, the ability to eliminate waste products, and an adequate supply of ___.the complex

Back 7

• Nutrients

• Oxygen

• Water

Front 8

The complex chemical process whereby body cells are nourished and supplied with the energy needed to carry on their many activities is called ____.

Back 8

Metabolism

Front 9

Fat or ____ tissue gives smoothness and contour to the body.

Back 9

Adipose

Front 10

A collection of similar cells that perform a particular function is called a(n) ___.the

Back 10

Tissue

Front 11

The protective covering on body surfaces, such as the skin; mucous membranes; linings of the heart, digestive, and respiratory organs; and glands is ____ tissue.

Back 11

Epithelial

Front 12

Tissue that carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all body functions is known as ___ tissue

___

Back 12

Nerve

Front 13

___ tissue supports, protects, and binds together other tissues of the body

Back 13

Connective

Front 14

Collections of tissues that have an identifiable structure and that perform specific functions are ___

Back 14

Organs

Front 15

Groups of organs that cooperate for a common purpose, namely the welfare of the entire body, are known as ___t

Back 15

Systems

Front 16

The integumentary system is made up of the __ and it’s various accessory organs

Back 16

Skin

Front 17

The skeletal system is comprised of __

Back 17

Bones

Front 18

How would you describe the circulatory system?

Back 18

It controls the blood supply

Front 19

The stomach and intestines are a part of the __ system

Back 19

Digestive

Front 20

The cranium is made up of how many bones?

Back 20

8

Front 21

One of the muscles of the jaw used in chewing is the ___

Back 21

Masseter

Front 22

The muscle that draws the eyebrows down and wrinkles the forehead vertically is the __

Back 22

Corrugator

Front 23

The broad muscle that extends from the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin and is responsible for lowering the lower jaw and lip is called __

Back 23

Sternocleidomastoids

Front 24

The muscle extending alongside the neck from the ear to the collarbone and rotates the head from side to side and up and down, is called ___

Back 24

Sternocleidomastoid

Front 25

The largest thick triangular shaped muscle that covers the shoulder and lifts and turns the arm outward is called the __

Back 25

Deltoid

Front 26

The muscles that produce the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm, lift the forearm, and flex the elbow are ___

Back 26

Biceps

Front 27

The muscles that turn the hand outward and the palm upward are ___

Back 27

Supinators

Front 28

The muscles that straighten the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line are called ___

Back 28

Extensors

Front 29

The muscles located at the base of each digit that separate the fingers are called __

Back 29

Abductor

Front 30

The muscles that involve the bending or flexing of the wrist are ___

Back 30

Flexors

Front 31

What bone forms the forehead the bones

Back 31

Frontal

Front 32

The bones that form the sides and top of the cranium are called ___

Back 32

Parietal

Front 33

The bones that form the sides of the head in the ear region are called ___?

Back 33

Temporal

Front 34

The bones of the upper jaw are called ___

Back 34

Maxillae

Front 35

The largest and strongest bone of the face is the __

Back 35

Mandible

Front 36

The hindmost bone of the skull is the ___?the

Back 36

Occipital

Front 37

The uppermost and largest bone of the arm is the __

Back 37

Humerus

Front 38

The three parts of a muscle are the __

Back 38

-Origin

-Insertion

-Belly

Front 39

The muscle that enables you to close your eyes is the ___

Back 39

Orbicularis Oculi

Front 40

One of the muscles of the jaw used in chewing is the ___

Back 40

Masseter

Front 41

The muscle that assists in the swinging of the arms is called __

Back 41

Pectoralis

Front 42

Which part of the nervous system controls consciousness and mental activities

Back 42

Central

Front 43

Estheticians are primarily concerned with three cranial nerves. Which of the following is not one of the three?

Back 43

Eighth

Front 44

Which system carries oxygenated blood from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart again?

Back 44

Systemic

Front 45

The blood is made up of ___which system

Back 45

Red and white blood cells, platelets, and plasma

Front 46

How does the skin purify the body?

Back 46

It eliminates salt

Front 47

Which organ discharges bile and helps to break down digestive fat?

Back 47

Liver

Front 48

What is anatomy?

Back 48

The study of the structures of the human body

Front 49

Which of the following is the study of the structure and composition of tissue?

Back 49

Histology

Front 50

If you study the functions and activities performed by the body structures, you are studying ___

Back 50

Physiology

Front 51

Which body system is comprised of the largest organ of the body?

Back 51

Integumentary

Front 52

Which body system forms the physical foundations of the body?

Back 52

Skeletal

Front 53

When performing treatments, you need to know about which system that controls the muscle movements of the face?

Back 53

Nervous

Front 54

With which system can we pass on our genetics from one generation to the next?

Back 54

Reproductive

Front 55

What is the study of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system?

Back 55

Neurology

Front 56

Which system protects the body from disease?

Back 56

Lymphatic

Front 57

Which subdivision of the nervous system controls the five senses ?

Back 57

Central

Front 58

Which system has both sensory and motor nerves and carries messages to and from the CNS?

Back 58

Peripheral nervous system

Front 59

Which system regulates muscles responsible for respiration and your heart beat?

Back 59

Autonomic nervous system

Front 60

What is the largest and most complex mass of nerve tissue in the body?

Back 60

Brain

Front 61

What are the nerve endings on sensory nerves called?

Back 61

Receptors

Front 62

What is true about reflexes?

Back 62

They are automatic

Front 63

Which of the following would not be found in the fifth cranial nerve?

Back 63

Buccal nerve

Front 64

What is another name for the seventh cranial nerve?

Back 64

Facial nerve

Front 65

Where would you find the posterior auricular nerve?

Back 65

Seventh cranial nerve

Front 66

Where do the cervical nerves originate?

Back 66

Spinal cord

Front 67

The most complex organ of the endocrine system that affects almost every physiological process of the body is the ___ gland

Back 67

Pituitary

Front 68

Which nerve affects the little finger side of the arm and the palm of the hand?

Back 68

Ulnar

Front 69

Which nerve can trigger a sudden drop in blood pressure?

Back 69

Vagus

Front 70

Which blood vessels connect the smaller arteries to venules?

Back 70

Capillaries

Front 71

What is the largest artery in the body?

Back 71

Aorta

Front 72

What do veins do?

Back 72

Take waste material to the heart for cleaning

Front 73

Which of the following is not true about the blood?

Back 73

Carries away oxygen and waste products to be eliminated through the lungs, skin, and kidneys

Front 74

Platelets are used to ___

Back 74

Contribute to the blood clotting process

Front 75

What is the main source of blood supply to the head, face, and neck?

Back 75

Carotid arteries

Front 76

As an esthetician, understanding facial vessel locations helps you avoid doing what during a treatment?

Back 76

Bruising

Front 77

What does the liver do?

Back 77

Secretes enzymes necessary for digestion

Front 78

What secretes enzyme producing cells responsible for digesting carbohydrates, proteins, and fats?

Back 78

Pancreas

Front 79

Why do we need a spleen?

Back 79

It fights infection and detoxifies the blood

Front 80

Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?

Back 80

Carries fluid, waste, and impurities toward the cells

Front 81

Which of the following are part of the female reproductive system?

Back 81

Fallopian Tubes

Front 82

Which hormone is dominant in males?

Back 82

Testosterone

Front 83

What spongy tissue exchanges air for carbon dioxide?

Back 83

Lungs

Front 84

Which part of the breathing cycle absorbs oxygen into the blood?

Back 84

Inhalation

Front 85

The act of moving good along the digestive tract is called?

Back 85

Peristalsis

Front 86

Which system is responsible for eliminating waste from the body?

Back 86

Digestive