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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is decision making? |
Choosing a course of action from multiple alternatives. |
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Early decision making theory was focused on rational decision making. What was the focus of this theory? |
Logic. Objectivity. Analysis over subjectivity and insight. |
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In rational decision making, what is utility theory? |
What is the worth or value to me? |
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From the podcast about why we are bad at predicting our own happiness, what were the topics that were discussed? |
We rationalize our decisions. People are not good at choosing between options and being happy. Projecting the future. People aren’t rational. |
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What is naturalistic decision making? |
Human decision making frequently violates key assumptions of the normative models. Human decision making is often based on heuristics rather than calculation. |
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What is a heuristic? |
A shortcut or rule of thumb. |
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What are availability heuristics? |
They estimate whether something is likely to occur based on how easily examples come to mind. i.e. the USA spends more money fighting terrorism than cancer even though cancer kills many more people |
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What is satisficing? |
A decision making strategy in which the first option that satisfies certain criteria is selected, even if other, better options may exist. |
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What are the three parts of the decision making model? |
Cue reception. Hypothesis generation. Plan generation/action choice. |
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What are the components of Cue reception? |
Attention to a limited number of cues. Cue primacy (Anchoring). Cue salience. |
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What is anchoring? |
Inattention to later cues. |
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What are the components of hypothesis generation? |
Limited hypothesis. Availability heuristic. Confirmation bias. Overconfidence. |
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What is metacognition? |
Thinking about one’s thinking. It refers to the processes used to plan, monitor, and assess ones understanding and performance. |
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When in the middle of hypothesis generation what things do we pull out of long-term memory typically? |
Things that are salient and things that are recent. |
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What is confirmation bias? |
Once I have the hypothesis, I value things that support it and ignore things that don’t support it. |
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What are the components of plan generation/action choice? |
Limited choice of actions (working memory). Weak projections of possible outcomes. |
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What are the components of expertise in decision making? |
Pattern matching (better correlation of cues). Limited hypothesis (data retrieved from long-term memory. Can be affected by availability bias.). What is happening/what is not happening. |
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What is decision fatigue? |
Repeated decisions lead to decreased effort overtime (Less accuracy and analysis). i.e. probability of being granted parole in the morning is higher than in the afternoon. |
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Although heuristics allow for quick decision with minimal information, what is the problem with your heuristics? |
They can result in incorrect judgments or cognitive biases. |
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In the SRK model what does SRK stand for? |
Skill. Rule. Knowledge. |
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In the SRK model what is the skill-based level? |
Performance and decision making is at the subconscious level and is an automatic response to a particular situation. High expertise – Very fast response. |
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In the SRK model what is the rule base level? |
Operating on tasks they are familiar with but not expert. An example would be pattern matching. |
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What is pattern matching? |
Look for cues or rules that they recognize from past experience to make a decision. i.e. Troubleshooting |
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In the SRK model what is knowledge base level? |
The task is novel and people have limited experience. No rules stored from past experiences. Forced to resort to analytical problem-solving processing using conceptual information/theory. Rely on pure analysis. |
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What is automatism? |
Performance of actions without conscious thought our attention. i.e. we really know the job, we can respond really fast, we can respond without thinking. |
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What are the ways to improve decision making performance? |
Automation and decision support tools. Training. Procedurization. Display. |
