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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the issue in the Flixborough incident when it comes to the people they had working? |
They were motivated people without a lot of knowledge. |
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What are the three levels of the SRK model? |
Skill-based level. Rule based level. Knowledge based level. |
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What is the rule base level? |
Operating on tasks they are familiar with but not expert. Pattern matching is a part of the rule base level. |
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What is pattern matching? |
Looking for cues or rules that they recognize from past experience to make a decision. |
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What is the knowledge based level? |
The task is novel and people have limited experience. No rules stored from past experiences. Forced to resort to analytical problem solving processing using conceptual information/theory. |
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What does the term knowledge refer to? |
Learning concepts, principles and information regarding a particular subject(s) by a person through books, media, encyclopedias, academic institutions, and other sources. |
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What does the term skill refer to? |
The ability of using information and applying it in a context. In other words, knowledge refers to theory and skill refers to successfully applying that theory and practice and getting expected results. |
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_____ is an intentional effort to improve performance by helping employees _____ acquire the skills and knowledge required for their work. |
Training Rapidly |
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Training is designed to increase the _____ at which employees learn and build skills. |
Rate |
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What does the best method of training depend on? |
Individual learning style |
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Who developed the VAK model? |
Walter Burke Barbe |
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What are the elements of the VAK model? |
Visual learners. Auditory learners. Kinesthetic (tactile) learners. |
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Define visual learners. |
They have a preference for seeing (visual aids that represent ideas using methods other than words, such as graphs, charts, diagrams, symbols, etc.). |
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Define auditory learners. |
Best learn through listening (lectures, discussions, tapes, etc.). |
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Define kinesthetic learners. |
Prefer to learn via experience - moving, touching, and doing (active exploration of the world, science projects, experiments, etc.). |
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Sometimes the VAK model becomes the VAKS model. What does the S stand for? |
Social |
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Which item in the VAK model is college not geared towards? |
Kinesthetic |
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What are learning curves based on? |
The premise that people and organizations become better at their tasks as they are repeated. |
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What does asymptotic mean? |
Proficient |
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What is the typical rate of learning? |
70% |
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What are two types of skill types? |
Perceptual motor skills. Cognitive skills. |
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Which skill type is more rapidly forgotten and which skill type shows limited degradation over time? |
Cognitive skills are more rapidly forgotten. Perceptual motor skills show limited degradation over time. |
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What are examples of perceptual motor skills? |
Driving, flight control, sports skills, procedural memory. |
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What is an example of cognitive skills? |
Semantic (declarative) memory. |
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What are the strengths of long term memory? |
Frequency and recency. Linkage/processing. |
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What is a term for forgetting? |
Memory decay. |
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What type of learning is most rapidly forgotten? |
Rote learning. |
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Define linking/processing. |
Doing the mental work to form meaningful associations. |
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What are the human factors guidelines for long-term memory? |
Encourage reuse and rehearsal. Standardization. Memory aids. Careful design of information. |
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What thing is most indicative of intelligence? |
Working memory |
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True or false: the better your working memory is the better your learning is. |
True |
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What are the stages of learning? |
Declarative knowledge. Procedural knowledge. Automaticity. |
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What is remission? |
Operator forgets something learned when away from the job. |
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What is a mental model? |
A representation of some domain or situation that supports understanding, reasoning, and prediction. Mental models permit reasoning about situations not directly experienced. They allow people to mentally simulate the behavior of a system. |
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Where do mental models come from? |
Experience |
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What is situational awareness? |
The perception of the elements in the environment within a volume of time and space, the comprehension of their meaning, and a projection of their status in the near future. |
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What are the human factors guidelines for training? |
Realize training takes effort. Train in chunks. Teach/train in different modalities. Feedback and rehearsal. Putting information in the real world (memory aids). |
