Ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Cerebral Palsy is commonly referred to as CP. This condition is caused by brain damage. It occurs either before birth, during birth or immediately after birth. Cerebral Palsy affects body movement, muscle control, posture, and balance amongst other things. Cerebral Palsy affects each child differently. Some children may become completely paralyzed whilst others may only be partially paralyzed. This is dependent on when the brain injury had taken place and what type of injury had taken place.…

One important role of the basal ganglia is in the service of voluntary, routine smooth motor control, and to inhibit unnecessary movements in the muscles. The basal ganglia is important for other things as well, but in diseases which cause the loss of muscle control as in the case of Parkinson's, it stands to reason that we look more closely at the basal ganglia in respects to its role in movement. The basal ganglia uses Glutamate, and Acetylcholine, both are excitatory neurotransmitters, and…

Introduction: Head motion is one of the major sources of artifacts in functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Head motion is said to cause large spatially varying changes in the signal intensity of the BOLD signal, making it very difficult to separate neuronal activations from the motion artifact. Realignment corrects the changes in brain position, but it does not take into consideration the changes in the image intensity associated with motion. Head Motion, particularly in the direction…

This imbalance causes over-production of sex hormones (in males androgens, and in females, estrogens). CAH can be severe or classic and diagnosed in the newborn, but it can also be mild or nonclassic and not show up until later childhood, adolescence or adulthood” (Speiser, 2016). Classic CAH is the most severe form and is usually diagnosed in infancy. One form of CAH is called ‘salt-wasting’. The adrenal glands do not make enough cortisol and aldosterone. If not found and treated, classic…

center of your brain and is part of the central nervous system. Because of its location it is often referred to as the brainstem, this region connects the spinal cord and brain together. The midbrain could not achieve its function without the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and the substantia nigra. Because of its functions it is considered the most advanced of the regions. Pons are located above the medulla oblongata and below the midbrain. Even though it is small it does several functions and…

what is being spoken back to you by the other person. The temporal lobe area is located in the bottom-middle of the brain. As it is stated in the article, Anatomy of the Temporal lobe, “[It’s] approximately 17% of the volume of the human cerebral cortex, 16% in the right and 17% in the left hemisphere, forms the surfaces of the temporal lobes”. The temporal lobe is kind of vast in size, so if the temporal lobe’s role is language and perceiving it, who takes the role for our…

The cerebral cortex has deep grooves called fissures that separate some regions. The longitudinal fissure separates the left cerebral hemisphere from the right cerebral hemisphere. On the other hand, the transverse cerebral fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum. The cerebral cortex contains three kinds of functional areas: Motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas. The motor…

There is so much information that one can find on the internet. Information that can provide the user with a new favorite recipe or the information as to who is, today, the wealthiest person in America. The possibilities of attainable information are endless. There is so much information that most humans can not comprehend the amount that is really available. However, with the touch of a few buttons, that information can be provided for the human brain to absorb. The internet search engines that…

The brain weighs approximately three pounds yet is responsible for all the functions of both the human mind and body. All vertebrates, and the majority of invertebrates, have a brain. However, some ‘primitive’ animals such as jellyfishes and starfishes have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. Michio Kaku, a world renowned physicist and scientific communicator, comments that “The human brain has 100 billion neurons, each neuron connected…

seizures. Studies have shown that 23 out of 29 seizures have significantly reduced the possibility of having an episode just by listening to piano masterpieces like Mozart. It is due to the melodic, calming tones of the piano affecting the cerebral cortex. This study was done back in 1998 and published in the experiment “Mozart Effect on Epileptiform Activity." For those who are ill-fated with this tragic physical exhibition, always keep a backup CD of piano songs nearby just in case there…