Syphilis

Pregnant women who have had the virus should talk to their health care provider about the steps they can take to prevent from transmission to their baby. Fungal Infections Fungal STD’s are the most commonly occurring type of STD’s but they can be treated easily if treatment starts at an early age. They are transmitted through oral, vaginal or anal sex. Symptoms of fungal STD’s include fever, dizziness, diarrhea, vomiting, chills and muscle aches. Yeast infections also cause redness and itching…

Unethical Study: Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment In the early century, many individuals across the world have endured several disgraceful and horrific unethical experiments from trusted doctors and scientists, especially the unforgettable experiment of Tuskegee Syphilis in Macon, Alabama. The study was authorized by the United States Public Health Service and supported financially with tax payer’s dollars and controlled by government physicians. In 1932, Macon was a poor county filled with…

From 1946 to 1948 the United States and Guatemalan officials infected soldiers, prostitutes, and mental patients with syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases without informed consent. The researchers claimed that “The goal of the study seems to have been to determine the effect of penicillin in the prevention and treatment of venereal diseases.” Although, penicillin therapy was given to 76% of the subjects only about 26% of the therapy completions were fully documented. Francis Collins,…

Tuskegee Syphilis implicated efforts to find distinct types of people by only using African-American as their subjects in the study due to the belief that blacks manifested the venereal disease differently compared to the whites (157). There is no denying that racism was a driving force for this research, even Public Health Services (PHS) stepped in to help to make this belief true as they were confident that “blacks are a notoriously syphilis-soaked race” despite the fact that 61% of true…

this question doctors moved onto the second procedure and with permission from the Mental Institution turned the experiment to Guatemala’s Insane Asylum. Here they would infect psychiatric patients with syphilis through their eyes and through cisternal puncture where doctors would inject syphilis into the spinal fluid of the human subject from the back of the skull. This procedure was used to determine the effectiveness of the “blood-spinal-fluid” barrier. This procedure would lead to two women…

issues of the Tuskegee study over a forty-year period. The U.S. Public Health Service’s experiment took place in rural Alabama between the years 1932 to 1972. It was conducted among African American males left untreated with syphilis. The goal was to determine if untreated syphilis reacted the same way in black males as it did in white males. Originally, the men believe they are being treated for the disease. The government eventually cuts funding making treatment unavailable. The concept…

Fair subject selection has been violated. The participants in this study were selected based on their race, gender, and economic class. Black, male, poor individuals were selected. Societal justice has been violated. In regards to studying syphilis in the context of the Tuskegee study, these divides were not necessary. Informed consent occurs after the candidates for the study have been chosen. In this case, there was a moral failure in the participant selection. Informed consent is irrelevant…

divides every thirty hours through transverse fission (Mitija et al., 2013). Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum is a bacterium that causes syphilis and has a 0.2% difference in its genome compared to Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue (Mitjà et al., 2013). This difference is due to the different symptoms that these bacteria cause (Sarkodie, 2016). Also, syphilis from Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum is transmitted through sexual contact while Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue is…

The book Candide is a satire written by in the 1700s. In this novel the author, Voltaire, is satirizing enlightenment philosophers who believe that everything is good in the world, since a good God created the world. Throughout the Novel the protagonist, Candide, is faced with many challenges that work to shape his own ideology. Initially Candide is an optimistic, inexperienced and uneducated young boy but as he struggles, and experiences the worst in the world, it works against his optimism,…

For more than five centuries America has lifted Christopher Columbus the greatest explorer. Noticing the truth importance about Columbus. Realized the aspect of what he had done to natives. Despite his being a great navigation explorer, and having good intentions to explore, he was also known for being cruel and evil. Although he was an important to figure in history and the most famous explorer, there were many negative aspects about Columbus. He brought horrible disease to the natives, not…