Shale

Environmental issues are always followed by economic concerns, usually paid for by an innocent party for trusting a large company to “stimulate” the local economy. Fracking needs land in specific areas of the world to work at and millions of dollars are paid to individuals, towns, states or federal governments to work on those lands. However, landowners without economic degrees and who are blinded by the large amount of money do not consider the impact on their beloved land and cause their…

While there has been disagreement over fracking, fracking is very vital to the United States. The need for natural gas in the United States is increasing, so the country needs to produce more of it own energy. If the country produces more of its own energy, America does not have to send soldiers to defend oil fields. (Beyond oil) Fracking also provides huge job opportunities and funds the United States. It important for the United States to have more jobs because many people are unemployed and…

In Elmira, NY, 65,000 residents rely on the Elmira Water Board to provide a fresh source of surface water. Local filtration plant produces on a daily average 2.26 billion gallons of fresh drinking water, which approximately 6.2 million gallons are used on average each day. Approximately, six million residents of the state consume an average 110 gallons of drinking water per day, per person. New York State Dept. of Health evaluates the water quality throughout the state as well as the Elmira…

years and is more efficient to produce. A common way of extracting crude oil is by hydraulic fracturing. Hydraulic fracturing is a method of extraction that drills down into rock or shale, and pumps in a high pressure liquid, often water. The pumping in of the liquid into the rock separates the crude oil from the rock or shale and helps push it to the top for easier extraction. With newer advancements in this technology, the US is producing more crude oil every year, making them less reliable on…

have been able to be collected otherwise. While extracting gas and oil from exiting fractures does still occur, hydraulic fracturing involves creating new, man-made fractures in order to collect even more gas and oil. Hydraulic fracturing utilizes shales which can act as source rocks as well as storage for hydrocarbons and extracts what it can from them. The disposal of the waste can drastically change the surrounding environment in the surrounding area(EPA 2015). The subsurface geology is…

The soils in this site are well to excessively drained and formed in residuum from clay shale or glacial till. The surface layer is three to eight inches thick. The texture of the subsurface layers ranges from clay to loam. The soils have a slow to moderately rapid infiltration rate. These soils are typically calcareous at or near the surface;…

the process of pumping millions of gallons of chemically treated water, sand, and the chemicals formaldehyde, acetic acids, and boric acid, which have been identified, are pumped into deep shale formations at pressures of nine thousand pounds per square inch or more (Role 272). The pumped fluids cracks the shale…

In a report published in 2012 by the American Chemical Society (ACS), a global dramatic increase in the natural gas industry will result due to an increase in shale gas production in the U.S., meaning: “Chemical companies from around the world have announced plans for a significant number of new projects to build and expand their shale-advantaged capacity in the United States…expand production capacity for ethylene, ethylene derivatives…the investment is geared toward export markets, which can…

Fracking has been a controversial topic for many years now and continues to be questioned. There are debates about the definition of fracking and whether the term refers to the entire industrial process or just the underground water blast that fractures the rock after the drilling is finished. One of the concerns about fracking are the flow back water containing a cocktail of chemicals used for many beneficial purposes but often contains radioactive materials and salts from the underground…

Questions and Answers Rock specimen “A” is identified as marble. This sample had a white to cream color to it, which is an identifying characteristic of marble. Another characteristic is the calcite inclusion; this inclusion is seen by bubbling when exposed to a saturated citric acid solution. When viewed by the unaided eye, the grain and crystal structure is clearly seen. While marble is supposed to be a fairly soft rock, the example provided proved to be fairly durable which was tested…