Serotonin

extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin by limiting its reabsorption into the presynaptic cell, as they increase the level of serotonin in the synaptic cleft available to bind to the postsynaptic receptor. This effect increases the levels of serotonin in the synapses. (Pinel, 2014) Most commonly prescribed SSRIs include: Paroxetine (Paxil), Setraline (Zoloft), Escitaloproam (Lexapro), Fluoxetine (Prozac), Citaloproam (Celexa). (Shah, & Jadhav,…

Unlike bupropion, fluoxetine works only as a serotonin inhibitor. The medication works to increase the amount of serotonin. Fluoxetine has been used to treat smoking cessation, but is not as successful as bupropion is. SSRIs, including fluoxetine, have known sexual dysfunction effects. Bupropion does not have such a strong effect on…

Ms. A. is a 28-year-old married executive who reports feeling anxiety and experiencing insomnia. She has been taking over-the-counter (OTC) medication to assist with sleep, but she still appears exhausted. Ms. A.’s symptoms have developed over a period of three months, and were reportedly triggered by her husband traveling out of town for business. She reports feeling irritable, tired, and nervous in a variety of situations. Ms. A. states that she has had a 15-pound weight loss over the past 3…

Since the creation of antidepressants in the 1950s, this pharmaceutical drug has been under intense scrutiny from both scientists and civilians. This is because there is a vast range of views revolving around the use of antidepressants since various studies have questioned the effectiveness of the drug and the criteria set up for prescribing it. However, antidepressants deserve that apprehension because it affects society by incapacitating its members through their harmful side effects including…

The medical industry is constantly advancing with technological treatments in order to ensure the utmost wellness of the population. While a number of new treatments have been introduced for various health issues, there are some that have been in the medical industry for many generations and Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is one of them. Although ECT is used to treatment several mental health conditions, severe Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of its most common uses (Mayo Clinic. 2017).…

This is because OCD is caused by a defective Serotonin neurotransmitter. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter in the brain that controls mood, appetite, and sleep (NCBI, 2015). If one’s body does not receive enough Serotonin, a communication breakdown occurs within the nerves (IODCF, 2013). The gene for Serotonin is located at SLC6A4. That gene can be found on the q arm of chromosome 17 at location 11.2 (Gene Cards, 2014). Serotonin deficiencies are also related to other anxiety-related disorders…

Antipsychotics can be broken down in to two different categories, Atypical and Typical however they tend to work similarly over all. The main standing difference between the two categories is that atypical antipsychotics block dopamine and have an effect on serotonin levels while Typical Anti-psychotics only block dopamine up take. There is also evidence to support that Atypical Antipsychotics have fewer negative side effects involving movement patters than typical drugs. Although there are…

Background and Significance What is Social Anxiety Disorder? Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is one of the most common health disorder after depression and substance abuse and affects about 10 million Americans. This phobia is an anxiety disorder and individuals with this disorder experience intense distress in public settings. These individuals experience high levels of panic in seemingly “normal” social situations1. These social situations include public speaking,…

Depression is an emotional state which can be characterised by, a heightened sadness; overpowering feelings of worthlessness; remorseful, lack of desire to socialise with others; sleeplessness; lack of appetite; loss of libido, and lacking interest in everyday activity (ref). It is believed to affect approximately 5-10% 0f the population in the United Kingdom (UK) Waraich, Goldner, Somers, and Hsu, (2004). As can be evidence from these symptoms individuals will have periods of times in their…

Neurosis can arise from symptoms of stress, often causing mild to severe psychological ailments, specifically depression and/or anxiety. There are many reasons as to why an individual may experience these depressive moods, and the relationship of your environment and your biological make up can make you more or less susceptible to forms of neurosis. There are many things that contribute to whether or not a person experiences depression. In addition to the way chemicals react in the brain and…