Rule utilitarianism

John Stuart Mill’s Utilitarianism provides the reader with a meaning behind the value of utilitarianism as a moral theory. Mill defines the utilitarianism theory as one that state's “actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness” (p. 90). Many utilitarians look at utility as pleasure, with the absence of pain. He presents utilitarianism as a view that utilitarians perceive to be the morally right action is the action…

Don’t Breath is a thriller movie about three young poor law breakers who sets to rob an old rich blind man’s house. Rocky, Alex and Money the main characters have different motives for this undertaking. Money who basically wants to get rich, Rocky who dreams to leave home due to her neglectful mother and Alex who is hesitant to do the activity but is deeply infatuated by Rocky that he agreed to join the gang. They set to rob the blind man for they believe that he is an easy target only to find…

In most cases, people believe that extrinsic rewards like money, material goods, trophies, and so forth is truly the best way to motivate a person. On the contrary, Daniel H. Pink's Drive, reveals that is not true. Furthermore, Pink argues that motivation through extrinsic incentives or what he calls motivation 2.0 is an outdated system that should replace Motivation 3.0. According to pink motivation 3.0 is an intrinsic incentive, where completing a task is self rewarding. Additionally, Pink…

4) The NON-mechanic nature of sympathy 1) The Humean explanation why we sympathetically feel the beauty of the property of another person shows that the principle of sympathy fails to operate completely mechanically, even if it works systematically. According to Hume, we are affected by the beauty of another person’s house because we sympathize with the owner, we “enter into his interest by the force of imagination, and feel the same satisfaction, that the objects naturally occasion on him.” To…

As Niccolò Machiavelli once wrote, “the ends justifies the means”. This phrase means that methods that might considered immoral are acceptable provided the end results in a positive outcome that is far more significant than the means. For instance, should society’s conventions dictate a human life to be worth more than a tree, it would henceforth be morally acceptable for a human to chop down the aforementioned tree to lodging for the winter. Thus, the end, which is the survival of a human life,…

Virtues as described by Aristotle in book II falls between two extremes or Vices. One side represents the deficits where a cowardice decision is taking place the other side represents the excess of passion where recklessness is. There’s also a middle, the perfect midpoint between the two extremes otherwise known as the golden mean. The golden mean is when a person has access to the right action and achieves equilibrium. Aristotle divides the human brain into parts one part governs and reasons…

John Kenneth Galbraith talks about “conventional wisdom.” He says, “people associate truth with convenience. He describes conventional wisdom as something that is comforting and convenient and doesn’t necessarily need to be true information. Galbraith also describes advertising as a brilliant tool for creating conventional wisdom. For example, Listerine, created in the 19th century was originally a surgical antiseptic tool began being sold as a distilled form and used for a floor cleaner…

Having critical analysed Alasdair MacIntyre’s thought provoking and in depth article entitled “Is Patriotism a Virtue?” it can be noted there are many factors that need to be taken into consideration in order to view patriotism as a virtue or the mutually opposed belief that patriotism is a vice. This comparative review of patriotism is based on moral foundations which influences one perspectives about the nature of patriotism. In this essay I hope to give a clear account of MacIntyre’s views in…

This brief exchange epitomizes the difference between Roark and Toohey, between selfishness and selflessness, between egoism and altruism, between individualism and collectivism. More importantly, Roark’s simple, but powerful, answer demonstrates why selfishness is a virtue and selflessness a vice; why one represents moral integrity, and the other moral turpitude. Roark’s reply reflects his moral and intellectual independence- he is not defined by what others think- and therein lies the source…

The short essay “On Self-Respect” written by Joan Didion is dedicated to the discussion of the question of human self-respect as a psychological phenomenon. The author aimed to answer the following questions: what does the self-respect actually mean, what contribution does it make to human life and habits, and what should be done to develop and maintain the feeling of self-respect. According to Didion (1961), the concept of self-respect is not something that can be dedicated to a person in…