Roman Forum

Introduction This essay will examine the different ways in which Roman culture is detectable archaeological throughout the landscapes of both Campania and Etruria. Through the different archaeological, techniques epigraphy, ground surveys, Roman architecture and excavation we will discover that Roman empire was busying itself and expanding it influence. For this discussion, one will look at Pompeii in Campania, Cosa in South Etruria and Volaterrae in North Etruria and will find that there is a…

The Parthenon of Athens is over five hundred years older than the Pantheon of Rome. The Romans admired the ancient Greeks, who were as far removed from them across time as we are from Renaissance Italy. Although Greece and Rome were, and are different cultures, our concept of ‘progress’ is also relevant. The Romans were more modern, more globalized and more technologically advanced. This shows in their art, but not as much as in the architectural techniques and materials available to them.…

Caesar’s assassination and the fall of the Roman Republic. At Caesar’s assassination, the 500-year-old republic was severely destabilised in a series of civil wars, executions and political conflict. Caesar was reportedly stabbed 23 times by approximately 60 members of the Republic Senate, who had feared his growing power and recent title of dictator. By the act of sharing the guilt of his death among them, the assailants believed they had saved the Roman Republic, when in fact they had actually…

In the summer and fall of 31 BC the naval battle of Actium was were Caesar Augustus and Antony faced off. On October 2, 31 BC Actium both rulers of Egypt deserted the battle causing the Romans to be victorious. To make up for this defeat, Antony attempts to raise an army, but they deflect and join Caesar Augustus. After this Caesar Augustus returns to Rome and declares res publica restoria, meaning the Republic was restored. Learning from…

Pompeii is one of the most well-known ancient cities in the world. However, at the height of its existence, it was just another Roman city. What makes Pompeii so important to us today is how well it was preserved by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. Nevertheless, there are still many unanswered questions about the city. Mary Beard defined it as the Pompeii Paradox, or the fact that we “simultaneously know a huge amount and very little about ancient life there.” Although the eruption of Mount…

built: the Forum of Trajan, a bridge in Danube, and the Gymnasium of Trajan. The Gymnasium of Trajan was a huge bath house intended for people of all classes. The Gymnasium of Trajan were the most impressive in scale and looks compared to some of the others from that time. The Gymnasium was made of long lasting materials like concrete, marble, and mosaics. Parts of the…

importance of the Roman army in modern times centuries later. The commander of the United States Army is the President. Tacitus in The Annals of Imperial Rome, illustrated the effects of the relationship between the Roman emperor and the Roman army. Tacitus…

During the republic, Roman citizens would elect officials, similar to directly voting for laws as in Athens. Despite the slight difference, both societies encouraged active participation in the government and military. However, as Rome became an empire, the senate turned into a “rather meaningless forum for debates” (76). Even more so, though a good amount of the states remained with local autonomy, the emperor and his officials still possessed a great deal of power. Overall, the Roman republic…

Caesar’s Popularity Amongst The People From 133 BC to 60 BC, the Roman citizens heard far too many false claims of liberation and revolution, until one man took charge: Gaius Julius Caesar. The Senate had become corrupt, focused on protecting the interests of the aristocrats at the expense of the poor. Unemployment, poverty, crime, violence, and bribery were high, other living conditions were deteriorating, and Rome was generally unstable and chaotic. The poor yearned for governance that would…

construction of the Colosseum, otherwise known as the Amphitheatrum Flavium, on the Roman Empire. The Colosseum, or Amphitheatrum Flavium, is the largest amphitheatre in the world, and was constructed from 70-79AD by Emperor Vespasian as a gift to the Roman people, before its completion by his successor and heir Titus in 80AD. Within it, a multitude of games and events were staged for the many days of celebration within the Roman calendar, as well as events for public entertainment. The…