Respiratory physiology

is because it allows the body to be able to respire and be able to get all that it needs to maintain the same state, for example, oxygen throughout the body as well as nutrients to the cells in the body. An example of a transport system is the Respiratory system. This system is required in the body as it helps the body to take in oxygen, this can be done through the lungs, as it allows it to be absorbed into the blood, through the use of the alveolus found within the tissue of the lungs, in…

However, complications will occur in up to 40% of all patients, the risk of a complication being higher for the very young or for adults and in undernutrition. Mortality is highest in infants and younger children. Complications most commonly are respiratory, and pneumonia causes most measles-associated deaths. The pneumonia risk is higher with immune suppression, which can be induced systemically by the virus itself or local immune dysfunction can occur locally within the lungs. The…

What is the difference between the upper and lower respiratory tracts? The upper airways or upper respiratory tract is the parts of the respiratory system lying above the glottis (Vocal cords) • Nose – External breathing organ. • Nasal passages, Inside the nose, the sticky mucous membrane lining the nasal cavity traps dust particles, and tiny hairs called cilia help move them to the nose to be sneezed or blown out • Paranasal Sinuses, - These air-filled spaces alongside the nose help make the…

Cilia and the Protection of the Respiratory Tract Introduction Approximately twelve thousand litres of air is inhaled by one person each day containing environmental stimuli including pathogens and particles such as toxic pollutants and allergens. These must be expelled from the body as it may induce airway inflammation and infection, causing airway diseases. Mucociliary clearance acts as an innate defence against these stimuli, where cilia is a part of this mechanism. Cilia, microscopic…

Allergic asthma and rhinitis, atopic dermatitis (AD), urticaria and gastrointestinal allergy, are common diseases of infants and children. It was recently estimated that 14% of children suffer from AD, 8% from food allergy, and 12% from asthma (1, 2). The cumulated incidence of these diseases in adolescents has been estimated between 25-35%, while the prevalence is about 20% (3). The phenotypic expression of these illnesses varies extensively, being very mild in some cases, severe in many, and…

Introduction Human metapneumovirus is a virus that causes a respiratory infection. Most of the time the virus affects only the nose and throat (upper respiratory tract), but the virus can also affect the lungs and breathing tubes (lower respiratory tract). It is usually more severe if it affects the lower respiratory tract. Most children get an infection caused by this virus by the time they are 5 years old. What are the causes? This condition is caused by human metapneumovirus. You can get this…

Whenever a child get colder, that is to say upper respiratory infection, extrusion in the throat causes a stoppage in the Eustachian tube, thereby holding back fluid inside the middle ear. Viruses and mostly bacteria could grow immensely in this fluid and make up pressure that my pushes against the ear drum…

In the respiratory system you can found nose which is a pathway for air and this is where the oxygen get into the lung and carbon dioxide into the air .Pharynx also known as throat is an other way which air can also enter into the lungs through the mouth. Air also enters into the larynx also known as voice box. It have two main functions as it is a passageway for air to enter into the lungs and a source of vocalization. The epiglottis is a tissue a flap-like cartilage structure contained in…

Cystic fibrosis, also known as mucoviscidosis is an extremely common genetic disease in the UK. The genetic defect was identified by a group of scientists in 1989.In the UK it has been found that 1 in 25 people carry the faulty CF allele. CF is caused by deletion of 3 nucleotides in chromosome 7. The amino acid phenylalanine is lost as a result of this mutation. It is autosomal recessive so both the CFTR alleles should be faulty to cause the disease. Many of the epithilial linings of the ducts…

et al). Also children of that same age are at greater risk for food-borne illness because of their developing immune systems (Koehler, 129). The majority of infections in Daycare centers are respiratory infections, which are mainly caused by viruses such as rhinovirus, bocavirus, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus. These viruses are all part of the common cold (Fairchok et al., 2010; Martin, Fairchok, Stednick, Kuypers, & Englund, 2013; Pitkaranta et al., 2006). Every child can bring…