Reciprocal altruism

Ever since human race started, there was always a need for helping each other to survive. The behavior to help each other is motivated by two main reasons. Some people are empathetic and are motivated to help others to relieve the sufferings without any reward or recognition. Such kind of helping behavior is altruistic in nature. On the other hand, there are many people who are motivated to offer help with the expectation of reward or personal gain. Irrespective of the motivation behind, people…

Selfish or Self-Love One must have a vision, an original thought that is coming from themselves. As it may seem, we think together and come up with a large amount of ideas. Ayn Rand states in her article “The Soul of an Individualist” a cluster of ideas can be put together with people's thoughts, but in the end it comes from one individual. Having self love does not have to be selfish. The word ego could be recognized as self-centered and egotistical. From being in a collectivist society,…

diffraction patterns through an exploration of reciprocal space. In this experiment, both a single crystal piece of Si with a (004) reflection plane and a Si powder sample are scanned, as well as the peaks the locations of the diffraction peaks on the single crystal. The collected data is then analyzed to determine the criteria for planes to produce a spike in energy by plotting in reciprocal space. This experiment serves to illustrate the importance of reciprocal space. It also introduces the…

is to make ourselves better off.” (Landau 106) This means in order for someone to adopt this theory they must believe that even trivial events that seem very altruistic are in fact somehow spawned from an egotistical mindset. Landau explains, “…altruism—the direct desire to benefit others for their own sake without any ulterior motive—does not exist.” (Landau 91) It is important to understand that psychological egoism is…

Professionalism is a combination of knowledge and wisdom, a virtue if you will, obtained from a variety of sources including education, socialization, and experience in the field. No matter what level of education a person has achieved, or the amount of experience gained, openness, transparency, and continually striving to improve are characteristics necessary for achieving superior results. Something rather profound happened over the past week or so and the following discussion post will…

filial piety is 4.63 (SD=.57) which shows that Chinese adolescents posses high filial piety attitude. Specially, mean score of reciprocal filial piety is 5.48 (SD=.57), while mean score of authoritarian filial piety is 3.77 (SD=.86). This result indicates that Chinese adolescents hold high level of both reciprocal and authoritarian filial piety; however, the attitude of reciprocal filial piety is higher than that of authoritarian filial piety. Furthermore, mean score of prosocial behavior is…

Altruism in Elephants: Empathy and Higher Cognitive Ability It is generally thought that altruism is a behavior only displayed by simplistic creatures, such as ants or honeybees, which do not possess the cognitive ability to evaluate short or long-term reciprocal benefits. Very few mammal species have been observed to display truly altruistic behaviors. Dolphins and elephants, as well as the great apes, are examples of the few mammalian species which commonly display altruistic behavior,…

In the Ring of Gyges narrative, Glaucon supports an argument that "whenever anyone thinks that he can safely be unjust, there he is unjust," implying that it is unnatural for a human being to follow ethical or moral principles when given freedom to do otherwise. According to his theory, it is not beneficial to be righteous or "just," as injustice and dishonesty presented as a far more lucrative option. While I agree that people do act in self-interested ways and cooperate with one another…

Behaviour”. He is best known for his work on social theory based on natural selection, which includes deception and self-deception. His influences are specially from Charles Darwin and Hamilton. Trivers also proposed the following theories: reciprocal altruism, parental investment, facultative sex ratio determination and parent-offspring conflict, and I will explain some of them down below. Natural selection is considered a phenomenon of evolution that is defined as the differential reproduction…

model aimed to explain the underlying reasons to why the bystander effect occurred, and why people sometimes fail to help. There have been other explanations regarding the occurrence of prosocial behaviour such as the bystander-calculus model, reciprocal altruism, social exclusion and mood states which will be discussed in this essay. Darley and Latané’s (1968) study is a classic psychological paper, that is renowned for the phenomenon known as the bystander effect. The bystander effect is that…