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The adjective and noun “retarded” evokes diverse feelings in today’s society, many of them negative. However, this was not always the case. The word’s original meaning, from the early 17th century, was “held back or in check; hindered, impeded; delayed, deferred,” which was used to describe objects as opposed to people (Simpson, Weiner). It was not until almost the 20th century when “retarded” was used to describe an individual. Therefore, the meaning of retarded has changed meaning from a…

My earlier inquiries ported between Biblical Spirituality, Celtic Spirituality, and City Spirituality. An M. Div. mini-thesis investigated the spirituality of the insular Celts (du Toit, 2007). This study focussed on two Celtic liminality sniglets. For the island Celts, thin designated liminality. Thin Spaces (for instance, beaches and mountaintops) and Thin Times (such as dawn and dusk) thinned the veil between the natural and supernatural. Liminality, as an abstract zeitgeber, makes life and…

The Anglo-Saxon vs. The Modern Era: Contrasting Religions of Then and Now The cultural values of the Anglo-Saxons from the early Middle Ages reflect a somewhat different mindset than those we possess today. We tend to see more mockery towards religion and beliefs now, as opposed to how they portrayed such perspectives in the Middle Ages. The Danes and Geats in the epic Beowulf considered God as an Almighty Lord worthy of man’s respect and worship. However, in the movie Beowulf and Grendel…

accounted for according to the 2015 Economic Freedom Index. As well as this, America is not entirely equal. Only fifty years ago African Americans and other ethnic groups were considered inferior to white people. Even now we still here about people in the news with white supremacist ideologies who cause massacres harming many people. In fact America, according to Inequality.org, has one of the highest inequality ratings among workers in the developed countries. It…

At the battle of Jutland in 1916 during the First World War, the Royal Navy did not succeed to annihilate the German main fleet. After the War, the dispute about the cause to the unsuccessful result of the battle grew up and lead to the so-called Jutland Controversy in 1920s. In the controversy, John Rushworth Jellicoe, commander-in-chief of the British main fleet at the battle, was naturally a focus and his command at the battle was criticised. This paper examines the relation of Jellicoe to…

Rip did not hide the fact that “the changes of states and empires made but little impression on him; but there was one species of despotism under which he had long groaned, and that was—petticoat government” (Irving 481). The story alluded to the new found freedom, referred to as a democracy, as making men more feminine and compared them to the way he viewed Dame Van Winkle (Downes 157). Rip was glad to be free from his wife and what he perceived as control, and he longed to go back to his…

James's aim was not to govern either England or Scotland separately but to join them in a perfect union. However a completely united nation was James' dream only. As soon as he proposed the idea in the very first meeting of Parliament in 1604, he was faced with a strong opposition from both Scotland and England. James is often presented as trying to force the idea of a union of Britain upon Scottish and English alike when in reality he asked firstly for a commission who would discuss the idea…

teach other how to develop the land. Society as a substitute for a government could have persuaded individuals in the New World with no prior knowledge of ruining a colony except previous government styles from England. By outlining the mistakes and consequences Britain experienced a government rule, Paine intended to show examples of what European powers and government would do in the New World. He continued to examine the European constitution with three major flaws in the system. The first…

The family then went on whining about this act.Yes,this family had money but they thought it would be better if they invested money in other things. This would include their kid's education, food, shelter. Everyone was all pretty mad with this new act they had to respect.Not only was it everyone mad but more the poor people which had no money and now had to pay extra for paper supplies.The worst thing was that you had to pay in British money not colonial money which was more than the colonies…

The Common Sense by Thomas Paine has known to view to inspired people towards the subject of owning independence and to be liberal. The document explains the need and the advantages of independence. Paine’s arguments view that the colonies under the hand of British government are uncontrolled and harm the society. Therefore, the colonies need an immediate independency from Great Britain. To present his arguments, Paine demonstrates an example by considering a small number of people living in…