Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial disease that is one of the leading causes of death in the world, especially in developing countries (World Health Organisation, 2018). More than 2.4 billion people in the world are affected by the TB bacteria, with 1.8 million deaths each year (Government of Canada, 2017). Tuberculosis has impacted many nations due to its highly contagious behaviour and the lack of access to healthcare to many of the people affected by this disease. This report will…

O O Angel K. Nickel 0 I 5 as PULMONARY TB 2 Abstract The world was astounded by the dramatic increase in Tuberculosis cases occurring in 1985. The disease strongly affects the lungs however if serious enough it can happen anywhere in the body. An individuals with the TB disease can spread the infection through air. This means that a simple cough, laugh, sneeze, or singing can spread it to anyone within close range. A normal healthy adult can be infected but yet have no complication or symptoms,…

the spread anymore and it will bust and spreading necrotic residue and bacilli throughout the surrounding tissue. Other macrophages will also begin to extravasate from peripheral blood, but they are inactive because they phagocytose the Mycobacterium tuberculosis, therefore they cannot destroy the bacteria anymore. Stage Three: At stage three, lymphocytes (specifically T cells) will begin to infiltrate and recognize TB antigens. This results in T-cell activation and then it release of cytokines…

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most lethal infectious disease among worldwide. This disease is known as white plague and as infected individuals for centuries. It was not until the mid 1800s that people discovered that the mode of transmission was spread from person to person, and not hereditary.1 During this time scientists found that TB was contagious and was caused by a specific bacterium. Although, treatment for TB would be introduced over 50 years later, and people who suffered with TB…

Current vaccination for prevention of tuberculosis is limited to the bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine. It has prevented a large number of potential TB deaths each year, yet remains controversial due to its highly variable protection against pulmonary disease. The BCG vaccine has been administered since 1921 and after years of use in countries with high TB rates, its effectiveness at eradicating TB as a public health problem has been suboptimal [1]. While BCG vaccination in infants has been…

Project 2: Tuberculosis and migration in the context of Singapore Introduction to Tuberculosis (TB) TB is a severe and highly transmissible disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Proper TB treatment is necessary to prevent morbidity and mortality. Although Singapore has comparatively low TB incidence, there is a rising concern for TB resurgence. For the past 30 years, the Singapore government has been striving to eliminate TB in Singapore through improvement of healthcare facilities and…

TUBERCULOSIS Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis and spreads through the air by a person who is suffering from TB. It can also spread by contact or sharing of fluids. If an infected person coughs on his or her hands and wiped them on someone else, or spit from their mouth flies into someone else 's mouth, there is a very high chance of infection. There is a treatment for the virus, however, but before a person gets a treatment they must…

Introduction This report is an overview of the epidemiology of Tuberculosis rates in the United Kingdom between 2004 and 2013. The report is done with the aim to review the trend of Tuberculosis spread in the UK and its impact on morbidity and mortality records, which remains significant to the UK public health system, with huge socioeconomic concerns. Tuberculosis or TB is an infectious disease affecting mainly the lungs, though it generally affects a number of organs in body (Ivany and Boulton…

corners- 1) Agent, that causes the disease; 2) Host, or organism that harbors the diseases; 3) Environment, or external factors that causes or allows for the disease transmission. In the case of TB disease, the agent is the Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and sometimes Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), M. africanum. M. canetii and M. caprae. The host factors are low immunity, poor nutrition, and co-infection or concurrent disease (e.g. HIV). The environmental factors are crowded conditions, poor…

Plants have major role in changing the life of human civilization both for health as well as quality life from ancient times. Since inception of knowledge about the usefulness, out of 258,650 species of higher plants 10% are considered to be useful for curing the diseases. (Shinwari 2010). From the human civilization different systems of treatments like Ayurveda, Unani, Naturopathy, Sidha, Homeopathy and many more have been devised ; but the source almost remain same i.e., medicinal plants for…