Invisible Cities

Cityness consists of all the visible and invisible factors which make a city characteristic for what it is. Cityness is also defined by the level of connectedness, the actors which create a meaning for an environment using deep societal constructs, and urban factors, such as livability. The high levels of urbanization are a leading threat towards livability by creating poor social and environmental conditions. This section will explain the aspects of cityness that are of interest to the authors.…

consequences for the local shops (‘Material Lives’, 2009, scene 1). Another relevant point is the fact that, City Road social appearance, along with its material assets usage, changes considerably throughout the day, making it almost a different street by nightfall (e.g. from a busy commercial street during the day to a ‘party haven’ at night, when it is taken over by young adults) (‘Making social lives on City Road’, 2009, Scene 8). Such an absolute change does not occur on the Kö. On the…

1967 Detroit riot? The author states that the de-industrialization and ‘white flight’ were the result of the 1967 Detroit riot. Due to the constant backlash of these two circumstances it caused the black community to begin to be irritated with the city. Part one of the novel begins with introduction of the industrialization of Detroit and the segregation between whites and blacks in the workforce and housing. The author, Thomas J. Surge talks about how the source of segregation,…

This causes inner city land prices to fall, which in turn makes the property owners and landlords neglect their land and makes the land even more devalued, resulting in the rent being much cheaper than it could be if it was fully taken advantage of. The rent gap is the difference…

consideration the message they wanted to send across symbolically and physically. For example, O'Connell Street has probably the most public monuments situated on it, compared to the rest of Dublin or even Ireland, this was done purposely due to the fact that city planners were aware of the volume of public that would pass through that particular street in a day as it still does up to this date. It is also very important to state that the…

Environmental education exists in a multitude of forms. Some argue that any interaction with nature is environmental education, some would say that is not enough, that environmental education must be facilitated. Regardless of these opinions, environmental education is critical to the education all types of children. It is especially important for children living in urban settings to gain better understandings of their roles in the environment. It is vital that children understand that they are…

to argue that a city is necessary because humans need to rely on one another in order to accomplish tasks. Socrates begins his argument when he states, “So if you approve, why don’t we start by finding out what sort of thing it is in cities? After that we can make a similar inquiry into the individual, trying to find the likeness of the larger version in the form the smaller takes” (line 369). He first proposes the dissection of a city. First, you must look for justice in the city, and once you…

rainforest areas, mining and coastal towns – the same quality they all possess is that they live far from any major city (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2012). Therefore the areas are known to have limited health services and harsher living environments. In 2009, roughly 31% of people lived outside major cities in Australia with more 45-80 year olds than those living in the cities (Australian…

land was mainly used to produce food for sustaining both human and animals. As we moved into the industrial, factories and city centers began being built. There arose a need for adequate living arrangements for the people that worked in the factories and city centers. Urban areas designed to accommodate large numbers of families began to spring up around these factories and city centers. Fast forward to today and we have 78% of the population in North America living in urban areas (Boston…

When dealing with small town police departments, many issues tend to arise when comparing the problems faced in a small town to an urban environment (Johnson, 2000). Some factors that small-town areas face include budget constraints, response time difficulties, and community relations (Gordner, 2006). These issues greatly affect rural areas due to a high poverty rates, low unemployment, and detrimental funding issues (Gordner, 2006). These problems cause small-town police departments to have…