Human skull

The Piltdown hoax was an archaeological site in England in 1908 and 1912 human, ape and other mammal fossils were found together. In 1913 at a nearby site an ape's jaw with a canine tooth that was worn down like a human's. British paleontologist gad the idea that a creature that had a human cranium and an ape's jaw existed. In 1953 a Piltdown man was exposed as a forgery, the skull had in fact been modern and the teeth had been filed down. Charles Dawson was the archaeologist who brought in the first cranial fragments from Piltdown. The Piltdown forgery had so many scientist fooled, in this century anthropologists believed in cultural prejudice which considered man's big brain, the evolution theory. fossil discoveries in Piltdown show a…

Artificial cranial deformation—or the practice of intentionally altering the shape of a person’s skull—has been practiced by Neanderthals about 40,000 years ago until very recently, maybe even still today. People on every continent except Antarctica have done it, making heads more cylindrical, cone-shaped, and ridge, bumpier or flat depending on the area. (Romero, et al 2010: 2-5) This paper argues that Mayans practiced cranial deformation to show an association with a particular social group.…

-The axial skeleton consists of a the skull, hyoid bone, auditory ossicles, vertebral column (spine), sternum bone, and the ribs. -The appendicular skeleton consists of the shoulder girdles, upper limbs, pelvic girdles, and lower limbs. -Bones are living tissue that make up the skeleton. They are primarily composed of three types of tissue. These three types are compact tissue, cancellous tissue, and subchondral tissue. -Compact tissue is the outer layer of bones and is harder than the other…

The first qualitative test conducted was on the upper edge of the eye orbit. The first time this observation took place, the results were that the edge was blunt. There was another observation done on the same part of the skull and the final determination of the shape of the upper edge of the eye is that it has a sharp edge. This qualitative observation points to the skull being from a female. The next observational test was conducted on the actual shape of the eye orbit. Two analytical…

Paget’s Disease Paget’s disease is the breakdown of bone in an abnormal fashion, which then leads to bone forming abnormally. Bones naturally break down and new tissue is formed, this is called renewal. The disease disrupts the renewal process, and creates abnormalities. The abnormalities usually include enlargement and weakening of bones. The symptoms of this disease include many things, and the most reported symptom is bone pain. Other symptoms include joint stiffness, visible deformities of…

Latissimus Dorsi T7 - L5 vertebrae spinous process, the iliac crest of sacrum, the thoracolumbar fascia, the inferior angle of scapula, and lower 3-4 ribs. Intertubercular groove floor. Extends and medially rotates arm. Triceps Brachii Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula; Lateral head: posterolateral humerus and lateral intermuscular septum; Medial head: posteromedial surface of the inferior half of humerus. Ulna olecranon process. Extension of the forearm and long head. Deltoids…

Concussions are one of the worst injuries a person can sustain because they affect one of the most vital parts of the body; the brain. Marcos A. Abreu, Wirt Edwards, and Brandon D. Spradley, doctoral student and United States Sports Academy professors, define a concussion in their article “The War Against Concussions” as “a traumatically induced transient disturbance of brain function” (Abreu, Edwards, and Spradley, 2). The issue with concussions is largely about knowing the signs and symptoms,…

Craniosynostosis is a birth defect in which the bones in a baby’s skull join together at an early stage. This happens when the baby’s brain is fully formed. As the baby brains grow, the skull becomes deformed. The spaces between a baby’s skull bones are filled with a flexible material called sutures. The sutures allow the skull to grow as the baby’s brain grow. At the age of two, a child’s skull bones begin to join together because the sutures become bone. When this happens, the suture is…

The figures 11-15 represent the different aspects of the left Permanent Mandibular Second Molar. Mandibular molars are the largest teeth on the mandibular arch. There is a number of three on each side of the mandible; first, second and third mandibular molars. They resemble each other in functional form, although when in comparison with each one, it’s clear the variations in the number of cusps, size, the occlusal design and the lengths and position of the roots. All mandibular molars have…

Concussion is an injury associated with sports and is most often identified with football, ice hockey, boxing and martial arts. There is different levels of concussion or traumatic brain injury (TBI), including mild, moderate, and severe. Large numbers of athletes participate in these sports; youth, high school, collegiate, professional. Concussion is an injury that results from a wide variety of mechanisms and ages, levels ranging from a simple daze to the inability of doing daily activities.…