Equilibrium

I. Introduction Chemical equilibrium occurs when the rate at which products form equals the rate at which reactants form. When chemical equilibrium is reached, concentrations remain constant and stop changing. The state of equilibrium is characterized by its equilibrium constant, Keq. The equilibrium constant is the quantitative value that is determined when molar equilibrium concentrations are substituted into the equilibrium constant expression. The equilibrium constant indicates the relative concentrations of the reactants and products when equilibrium is reached. Temperature affects the equilibrium constant. The objectives of this experiment were to prepare and test standard solutions of FeSCN2+ in equilibrium, test a solution of…

Introduction Equilibrium is the concept that in a chemical reaction where both the forward and reverse reactions occur, equilibrium is reached when both reactions are occurring at the same rate, thus once a reaction is at equilibria both the forward and reverse reactions are occurring at the same rate. For a given Chemical Equilibrium at a given temperature, keq can be calculated that will be constant no matter the initial values of the reactants and products. For a reaction: the equilibrium…

In this project the aim is to determine the equilibrium constant (Kc) of a weak base when it reacts with a weak acid. The chemicals I wish to determine the equilibrium constant for are, Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) and Propanol (C3H7OH). To accomplish this, the first question we must ask is, “what is an equilibrium constant and how is it determined”? There are 2 different types of equilibrium. The first, and the type we shall be using is known as homogeneous equilibrium which has everything present…

Introduction: In this lab, seven test tubes containing solutions in equilibrium had different stresses added to them to examine the balance in each example. The purpose of the experiment was to indentify the details of shifting in equilibrium reactions and determine how the adding of a stress can affect a reaction. A chemical reaction that is in equilibrium is reversible, where a reactants can create products and products can go back to products. Equilibrium is reached when the rate of a…

3.7. Equilibrium isotherms Langmuir isotherm proposed by Langmuir, (1918) with some limitations Dąbrowski, (2001) expressed as: (4) Where qm (mg g–1) is the maximum amount of the metal ion per unit weight of adsorbent, ‘qe’ is equilibrium adsorption capacity (mg g–1), ‘Ce’ is the equilibrium concentration of the adsorbate (mg L–1), and b is a constant which reveals the affinity of binding sites (L mg-1). From the plots between (Ce/qe ) and Ce the slope (1/qm ) and the intercept…

On September 19, 1783, people gathered around Versailles. They eagerly awaited the exciting demonstration: the first hot air balloon flight with animals inside. They filled the balloon with hot air while the mesmerized people waited patiently. Flight was a foreign concept to them and people were skeptical if land animals could survive the flight. After they fastened basket on the bottom, they put a rooster, duck, and sheep into it. The flight began and astronomers reported it got up to 1600 feet…

Discussion #1 All dominant strategy equilibria are also Nash Equilibria, but not all Nash Equilibria are also dominant strategy equilibria. Chp 7. Discussion #5 The nash equilibrium is E entering, and I not fighting. Using the web you get to this by doing backwards induction. No this threat is not credible. If E enters, I will still be better off not fighting. While fighting would prevent E from getting any profits, it would lower I’s profits from 50 to 10. Chp 8. Discussion #1 Chp 8.…

In a strictly operational sense, calcium balance is determined by the relationship between calcium intake and calcium absorption and excretion. The system is that relatively small changes in calcium absorption and excretion that can neutralize a high intake or compensate for a low one. Moreover the calcium absorption is an ingested calcium mixes with digestive juice calcium in the proximal small intestine from where it is absorbed by a process, which has an active saturable component and a…

The classical competitive equilibrium theory assumes that there is centralized market where buyers and sellers of labor can meet and trade at a single price. In reality the supply-and-demand approach seems poorly suited for some questions that arise in the labor market. Particularly questions such as why identical workers in an identical job position are paid differently? How are wages determined? Is there bargaining between firms and workers? Equilibrium search theory provides a rigorous but…

Equilibrium unemployment and disequilibrium unemployment are the basic categories of unemployment to apply on the total labor that the whole economy has (Sloman). Equilibrium unemployment is the difference between people that want to take the job they are offered and people that are willing and able to take the job. Disequilibrium unemployment occurs when the aggregate demand for labor is less than the aggregate supply of labor. Recently an analysis conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statics of…