In this project the aim is to determine the equilibrium constant (Kc) of a weak base when it reacts with a weak acid. The chemicals I wish to determine the equilibrium constant for are, Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) and Propanol (C3H7OH). To accomplish this, the first question we must ask is, “what is an equilibrium constant and how is it determined”? There are 2 different types of equilibrium. The first, and the type we shall be using is known as homogeneous equilibrium which has everything present in the same phase. The usual examples include reactions where everything is a gas, or everything is present in the same solution. K is the universal equilibrium constant for reactions. There is also Kc and Kp, however Kp applies to reactions of gases,
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To do this, I shall make up a mixture of 10ml of pure ethanoic acid and 10ml of Propanol. I will then wait what we estimate to be a sufficient amount of time for the compound to reach equilibrium and then titrate the compound (using phenolphthalein as an indicator) with a 1moldm-3 concentration of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) in order to test if the compound has indeed reached equilibrium. Using this data I will be able chance certain situations involving the compound to test if this has an effect on the equilibrium of the substances. The rate of the reaction can then be measured by one of the following ways. The first is monitoring the depletion of a reactant over time and also by monitoring the formation of a product over time (Jessica Lin, n.d.). For this experiment I will be using the first method. If a solid or liquid is produced, it can be measured with a balance. If the volume of a gas is to be measured, a gas syringe or an upside down burette can be used. The factors affecting the position of equilibrium include: The concentration, if you add more reactant then K will shift to the right (towards the side of the product). If you increase the pressure, then according to Le Chatalier’s principle K will shift to the side with the fewer number of moles. Temperature also has a direct effect. For example when you increase the temperature in an endothermic reaction, …show more content…
These will be calculated in as we discover them.
The concentration of the initial reactant is written in the “initial” row. The change in concentrations are then added to the table after the initial reaction has taken place. The equilibrium is then determined by adding the columns “initial” and “change” together. Once this is done, I will substitute the values from the equilibrium column into the equilibrium expression in order to find the value of x. The equilibrium expression is shown below.
Once this is completed we will have the values to be able to solve the equation for
To do this, I shall make up a mixture of 10ml of pure ethanoic acid and 10ml of Propanol. I will then wait what we estimate to be a sufficient amount of time for the compound to reach equilibrium and then titrate the compound (using phenolphthalein as an indicator) with a 1moldm-3 concentration of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) in order to test if the compound has indeed reached equilibrium. Using this data I will be able chance certain situations involving the compound to test if this has an effect on the equilibrium of the substances. The rate of the reaction can then be measured by one of the following ways. The first is monitoring the depletion of a reactant over time and also by monitoring the formation of a product over time (Jessica Lin, n.d.). For this experiment I will be using the first method. If a solid or liquid is produced, it can be measured with a balance. If the volume of a gas is to be measured, a gas syringe or an upside down burette can be used. The factors affecting the position of equilibrium include: The concentration, if you add more reactant then K will shift to the right (towards the side of the product). If you increase the pressure, then according to Le Chatalier’s principle K will shift to the side with the fewer number of moles. Temperature also has a direct effect. For example when you increase the temperature in an endothermic reaction, …show more content…
These will be calculated in as we discover them.
The concentration of the initial reactant is written in the “initial” row. The change in concentrations are then added to the table after the initial reaction has taken place. The equilibrium is then determined by adding the columns “initial” and “change” together. Once this is done, I will substitute the values from the equilibrium column into the equilibrium expression in order to find the value of x. The equilibrium expression is shown below.
Once this is completed we will have the values to be able to solve the equation for