Byzantine Iconoclasm

polytheistic faith, Hinduism; whereas the Greek mathematics came largely from the Byzantium Empire which adhered to the following of the monotheistic Orthodox Church. Although the Ancient Greek texts themselves were from polytheistic writers, the Byzantine Empire that was distributing and propagating them fit the criterion for Islamic toleration. The translation movement led to remarkable ideas being uncovered for the Muslims, initially it was Indian texts that were being translated but as the…

and 600 C.E. as a result of numerous internal and external conflicts. The Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty internally ruptured due to political ineffectiveness as a result of corrupted emperors and officials and externally disintegrated because of nomadic invasions from Germanic tribes in Western Europe and the Xiongnu in Asia. However, the Roman Empire saw the decay of the faith of the Empire in the citizens as they turned to local landlords for protection, while the local landlords of the Han…

trade routes between continents and diverse cultural background. This massive city was also the capital of the Byzantine Empire, an empire built on a wealth of gold and Christianity. The strategic location of the metropolis of Constantinople plays a critical role in its functions as an imperial capital, trade emporium and religious and cultural hub. Located between continents in the Byzantine Empire (modern day Turkey), Constantinople was in a place of military and socio-economic advancement.…

medieval conflict would later shape the turnout of Europe and the Middle East. Before the Crusades happened Christianity was the dominant religion of power. Muslim leaders and armies started to conquer all of the Christian territories, like the Byzantine Empire. Christians did not want muslims to conquer all of their lands , especially the Holy Land . This led to a fierce and brutal competition over Jerusalem, as the muslims and Christians fought in the Crusades. Religion without a doubt was…

It condenses the history of the Byzantine Empire into a brief read that will introduce the reader to what can only be known as a Roman Empire reborn. The book tells of the heroics and significance of people and their land that should not have been lost-but was. It is a brilliant book that…

For myself, picking a topic is one of the most challenging obstacles in writing any paper, story, or essay. I have so many ideas about so many different topics it 's hard to settle on just one. However, when it was brought to my attention that we would have to make a documentary to go with our paper, I could only think of one thing; the Dark Ages. A few years ago, I remember watching this documentary on the History Channel about the Dark Ages and I was unable to finish it. Since then I have…

Many different civilizations have impacted history throughout time. The most evolutionary times of these civilizations were between 600 B.C. and A.D. 1200 when they began to organize institutions and characteristics. These “defining and long lasting civilization patterns shaped by belief systems, including philosophies and religions, can be understood as classicism.” The base of classicism can also be seen as the expansion of societies into civilizations. There are five classical civilizations…

In 1095 at the Council of Clermont in France, Pope Urban II gave a speech that would affect the church for many years to come. He declared that church was going to try and get the Holy Land back from the Seljuk Turks in battles that would be known as the Crusades. Since the mid-seventh century, the Muslims had controlled the Holy Land and had prevented Catholics from entering Jerusalem to make pilgrimages. The Catholics saw gaining the Holy Land back as a sacred duty because the Muslims were…

Ages. The First Crusade involved the Muslims taking control of Jerusalem, but previously, Christians were allowed to visit the city. However, when the Arabs took authority in 1070 C.E., Christians were refused access to the land. This caused the Byzantine Emperor to ask for help from the Pope to protect his empire from the Muslims, allowing for Christian Europeans to join together to fight their common enemy. Overall, Christianity remained prominent throughout the Middle Ages in Europe because…

However, the territory did not become Islamic immediately; the spread of the religion took some centuries. When Muhammad died in 632, he left the Arabian Peninsula under the rule of the Muslims. Later on, the Muslims conquered the Persians and the Byzantine armies and resultantly, they brought Iraq, Syria, Egypt and Iran under their rule. Nothern India was brought under the rule of the Muslim between 711 and 715. Islam spread to most parts of North and West Africa, Asia,…