Benedict Arnold

Research Paper: Second Vatican Council The Second Vatican Council began in 1962, and convened in 1965. In those brief three years, some of the Catholic Church’s long held traditions either changed or went away. For some it was the ushering in of the new era of a modern Catholicism. For others, it signaled the destruction of centuries of traditions, and the devaluation of some of the most sacred rituals. It is true that the heart of Catholic teachings were untouched, and that the beliefs that are…

In Elizabeth Browning’s pleading letter to Napoleon III, Elizabeth uses many rhetorical devices in order to convince the Emperor of France to pardon Hugo. She flatters His Majesty Napoleon III in an attempt to win his goodwill. Second, she uses syntax in order to create an intelligent letter. Finally, she thoroughly explains her purposes to Napoleon. Thus using flattery, syntax, and logos, Browning was able to effectively persuade Napoleon III to pardon Hugo,had of course he sent the letter.…

Pope John XXIII initiated the Second Vatican Council in January of 1959. This came to a suprise for many as they believed that Ecumenical Council was an outdated method for change. However, Pope John XXIII believed this would be an effective way to make doctrinal changes. This Council brought about many changes to the Mass that were significant. Four changes that were momentous were the language change, the readings change, singing during Mass, and fasting times. Before the Second Vatican…

Pope John XXIII was born to the name “Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli” circa the year 1882. After being ordained in 1904 and being drafted by the Italian military to be a chaplain, Angelo served the church in multiple other ways. Angelo became the bishop of Bulgaria, as well as the papal ambassador of Turkey and Greece. Working his way up, Angelo became pope in 1958 and took the name Pope John XXIII. People expected Pope John XXIII to do much, as he was 76 at the time, nor did they expect him to stay…

Manuel Joseph Rubio y Salinas. Red is not only a crucial color for Spain, but it also represents the archbishop 's ecclesiastical position. A painting analogous to this work that Miguel Cabrera might have been influenced by was Pierre Subleyras ' Pope Benedict XIV (Fig. 2). It features a similar composition to Cabrera 's painting, and it was completed in 1745 in Italy. Moreover, this similarity displays a common pattern for this type of subject matter, and a model for artists to employ when…

Martyrdom has been cited as a “form of total love for God” (Pope Benedict XVI). In a time when Christians were being persecuted for their worship of God, or more specifically a refusal to worship the emperor, martyrdom was practically an honor bestowed upon unrepentant Christians. The Martyrdom of Sts. Perpetua and Felicitas is a rare first-hand account of sacrifice in its truest form. Perpetua writes of her numerous visions and encounters while mentally preparing herself for the death of a…

In the New Testament, Junia, Pricilla, Phoebe, and Mary Magdalene were four females with leadership roles in the Jesus movement. These females were deaconesses, evangelists, educators, or preachers. The New Testament provides insight into the debate of female leadership and ordination during the early church movement; a debate that continues now. Certain Christian denominations today permit female ordination, while other denominations stand firm against female pastors; both use the New Testament…

Hildegard of Bingen was a great mystic who was able to understand the natural world through her visions. She lived during the 11th and 12th centuries, 1089 to 1179, and was a significant figure during this medieval period because she was able to gain recognition during a male oriented time frame of the Catholic Church (Singer 57). During her childhood she spent the majority of her time among the Benedictines, and was educated in the convent of Disibodenberg (Singer 57). Therefore, Hildegard was…

of central Italy in 480 Ad. She was born into a wealthy and very religious family, and her and her twin brother Benedict were faithful from a very young age. She was born into Christianity and her family revolved their life very strongly around their religion. It only made sense that Scholastica was a very religious child and it turns out that both Scholastica and her brother Benedict would both go on to become Saints. Since she came from a wealthy family, she was very well educated, as was…

Book review about Encyclical on Climate Change and Inequality – Pope Francis Born Jorge Mario Bergoglio or POPE FRANCIS was chosen to be the Pope of the Catholic Church since March 13, 2013. He is the first Latin American and the first Jesuit to lead the Roman Catholic Church—and the first non-European leader of the church in 1,200 years. He named himself Francis after St. Francis of Assisi. Born in Buenos Aires in 1936 to Italian immigrant parents, Pope Francis was ordained as a Catholic…