Autonomic nervous system

Have you ever wondered what is happening in your brain? Or how your nervous system really works? Well then you would want to learn about neuroscience. Neuroscience is the study of the structure or function of the nervous system and brain. Neuroscience also focuses on the behavioral and cognitive functions of the brain. One of the current scientists, whom is considered an expert, in the field of neuroscience is Dr. Ben Carson. Dr. Ben Carson was born in Detroit, Michigan, and was raised by a…

6. Are there certain concentrations that cause harm? What are they? Concentrations for adult rats. LD50 of BPA was 35.26 mg/kg according to NCBI. “Injection of lethal dose of BPA (40 mg/kg body weight) produced acute toxicity manifesting as immediate respiratory arrest and hypotension after the injection of BPA followed by bradycardia. The animals died within 7.3 +/- 0.7 min.”, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22734254. Honestly was too much work to find any good result from exposure to…

as a package of human emotions. Human brain is made up of cerebrum, cerebellum and the brainstem. Neuroimaging methods shows the variations in brain activity and the function of those specific brain areas. There are different types of neuroimaging systems such as CT Scan, MRI, fMRI. Brains can be divided into four lobes and has different functions. Frontal lobe which is the front part of the brain is related with intelligence, personality, voluntary muscle and emotions. Parietal lobe has the…

Drosophila Melanogaster (common fruit fly) is widely used to understand the complex processes involved in genetics and development. The nervous system of Drosophila and vertebrates consists of neurons and glial cells. Glial cells are the most abundant cell type in the nervous system. Glial cells are cells in the central and peripheral nervous system that provide support and protection for neurons, form myelin and provide insulation. In vertebrates, the glial cell subtypes are: astrocytes,…

“Parkinson’s disease is a progressive disorder of the nervous system that affects movement,” Mayo Clinic states. The most common or distinguished sign of the disorder is a tremor. The tremor usually begins in one of the limbs, most often the hand (Mayo Clinic). Another sign of Parkinson’s disease is a change in one’s speech. Someone with Parkinson’s might talk fast, quiet, with a slur, or there might be a slight delay before they begin to speak. Also, having stiff muscles is another sign of the…

One important role of the basal ganglia is in the service of voluntary, routine smooth motor control, and to inhibit unnecessary movements in the muscles. The basal ganglia is important for other things as well, but in diseases which cause the loss of muscle control as in the case of Parkinson's, it stands to reason that we look more closely at the basal ganglia in respects to its role in movement. The basal ganglia uses Glutamate, and Acetylcholine, both are excitatory neurotransmitters, and…

Sydney Holst When certain chemicals interact with a neuron, they alter the balance of ions inside and outside the cell. If this change reaches threshold, it sends a signal down the neuron’s membrane to the axon. At the axon, the neuron fires the signal to a neighboring neuron, and the process repeats. Once the electrical potential of Neuron A (presynaptic neuron) reaches -60mV the sodium and potassium channels in the neuron open at the beginning of the axon. The influx of positive sodium ions…

regulation of central motor output is crucial in determining exercise performance” (Hargreaves, 2008, p. 1541). Although with the complexity of the CNS understanding what the role the CNS has to do with fatigue can be perplexing, considering all systems interact together during rest and exercise. Many researchers have discovered the complex nature of fatigue and how CNS and PNS interact leading to fatigue as well as prevent extreme exhaustion…

Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is a condition that affects many of the body's systems, particularly the brain and nervous system and muscles. The signs and symptoms of the disorder mostly begin to present themselves in childhood following a period of normal development, but can begin at any age. Early symptoms may include muscle pain and weakness, headaches, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, and seizures. Almost all affected individuals…

• Fistula develops (thin membrane) in skin, or oral mucosa to contain infection locally. • *Can spread to Paranasal Sinus via Blood or Lymphatics • *Maxillary Sinus = Caused by Upper Resp. Infections Via Blood System: (Potentially Fatal) • Cavernous Sinus → 1) Pterygoid Plexus, 2) Superior Ophthalmic Vein→Facial Vein → 1) Posterior Superior/ 2) Inferior Alveolar Veins / 3) Superior/ 4) Inferior Labial Veins • Valves prevent retrograde backflow into CS, thus infections…