Pawelski, 2016). While Nussbaum sees positive emotions as incidental to the experience of well-being, Jayawickreme and Pawelski believe that experience and mental state is as influential (Jayawickreme, & Pawelski, 2016). In the application of a study, attempting to measure the age positivity effect on products entitled Age Differences in Choice, Satisfaction: A Positivity Effect in Decision Making, did show that older individuals looked at, the more positive aspects of the product for sale, further supporting the “age influenced positivity effect” is proven in diversified studies (Kim, Healey, Goldstein, Hasher, & Wiprzycka, 2008). It is widely respected in aging psychology that older adults are more connected to positive stimuli, documenting attention to memory tasks, reading emotions through facial expressions and images in addition to health and advertising (Carstensen & Mikels, 2005; Mather & Carstensen, 2003). The younger adults focus on the negative aspects and stimuli in all of the aforementioned categories, broadening the data collected on the topic of age related positivity effect (Carstensen & Mikels, 2005; Mather & Carstensen,…
probe appeared in the emotional or neutral location. It was predicted that high anxious participants would be quicker to attend to angry faces because they are threatening and so we would observe a main effect of anxiety. If anxiety is related only to certain stages of attention then we expect anxiety and presentation time to interact with high anxiety and low anxiety groups differing in some stages and not others. The second prediction is supported as anxiety and presentation time interact.…
is active while an individual directes their attention to particular stimuli, otherwise known as top-down modulation (Gazzaley et al., 2007). Top-down modulation involves a network of brain structures that modulate sensory responses according to attention and task demands (Fernandez-Duque, Baird, & Posner, 2000). Moreover, modulation of sensory response is a form of bias that favors information which is behaviourally relevant (Fernandez-Duque, Baird, & Posner, 2000) In addition to the PFC,…
The Meiji Restoration, also known as the Reign of the Meiji Emperor was a massive movement that took place in 1868, which brought about an industrialization in Japan. The movement began when the Tokugawa Shogun, who ruled Japan; who lost his power due to being overthrown, was replaced by the emperor of Japan to the supreme position. The emperor chose “Meiji” as the name for his rule as it referred to the “Enlightened Rule”. As the nation began restoring itself, it had to tackle many of its…
Westernized country. Although the modernization of Japan was a welcomed change, many Japanese were torn between the inevitable modernity of their country and their tradition. The modernization of Japan brought about societal changes in the role of women, but similar to the Meiji era, the representation of women in Kokoro were torn between modernity and tradition. Through the characterization of the three women in the novel, his diction, and his tone, Soseki demonstrated the roles and views of…
For a man who was quoted for his dislike of Paris, Marquis de Lafayette spent a large proportion of his life fighting for the city, and working hard to help it grow. It seemed that no matter what the man could do, he would not be recognized for what he did for his country. He lived in Paris through its biggest period of change. Such periods were the revolution, the reign of terror, napoleon, the bourbon restoration and the July revolution. In each time his name was known, and he worked hard…
Known for her stories about adolescents struggling towards adulthood, Higuchi Ichiyō creates a small world full of contrasting young characters in one of her famous works, “Child’s Play”. Also known as “Takekurabe”, which translates to “growing up”, the children of the story cross the line that separates child from adult during a period of individualism and edification. Although “Child’s Play” embraces the purity of the coming-of-age theme, it adds darker elements in order to show the realistic…
governments want to control crime and burakumin through fear and example. To do such a thing they used various methods of torture and execution through means like being boiled alive, beheading, mutilations, flogging, and tattooing. They would Tattoo as a way so that other domains would be able to tell if one was a criminal and what they were charged with. At the time they would also create a punished corpse in order to set an example of those who went against the laws. During the late Tokugawa…
Immediately following the Meiji Restoration, elementary education was mandatory for both boys and girls. This gave way to a new ideal of “good wife, wise mother” which signified a modern, wage earning woman. Wage earning women and girls working in factories and cut off from their traditional domestic roles as subservient housewives challenged the preconceived notion of gender and the role the patriarchal system had set for them. Adding to the notion of the “good wife, wise mother” ideal was the…
for always borrowing from different countries without feeling no shame especially the culture of China. Japan had no problem when it was time to modernize, borrowing everything from Western civilization and especially of Britain. It started from when Emperor Meiji came into power this period was known as the Meiji restoration. “Meiji and Tsarists reformers took advantage of their countries sovereignty to promote rapid defensive modernization.”15 The Meiji restoration began in 1868 under emperor…