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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When was Gaius Julius Caesar born and what was he like as an adolescent? |
He was born 100 B.C. and he was smart, but disrespectful and disinterested in his work. |
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Who was Marius Caesar, and what was he charged with in 82 B.C.? |
He was Caesar's uncle and the proconsul of Cisalpine Gaul, he was charged and convicted with treason. |
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What was the penalty of Marius's crimes, and how did Caesar escape this punishment? |
All of his family with the seed of Caesar (27 people) was to be killed, Caesar escaped it by being hidden in the mountains by friends until the vestal virgins pardoned him. |
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Why did Caesar get sick in the cave he was hiding in? |
He was physically, and therefore mentally soft. |
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When Caesar recovered what was his only goal in life? |
To become a god. |
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What separated Caesar from other people? |
He knew how to achieve goals and he worked for them. |
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How do you accomplish a goal? |
By defining the journey with a plan of action, and then acting towards it. |
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Why did Caesar join the army in 82 B.C.? |
To learn self-discipline |
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Where was Caesar deployed and what is significant about this? |
He was deployed in Tarsus, and this is where Saul was from. |
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As Caesar became respectful and a good soldier, what did he do in 80 B.C. and what was so special about this? |
He took a leave to study oratory, this was so special because everyone else just partied on their leaves, he used his leave to take more goal-oriented steps. |
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What was significant about pirates kidnapping people? |
When a person was kidnapped and held for ransom, it was sort of a social status thing, they became a conversation topic at banquets. |
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What happened when pirates kidnapped Caesar? |
He had to be taken forcibly, he annoyed them so much they harassed him, when his ransom was paid, he quickly brought back two ships and crucified all 33 pirates who captured him. |
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Why did Caesar crucify the people and what happened to average people who lived around Caesar? |
He crucified the pirates because they got in between him and his goal, average people were made uncomfortable by the complete devotion to his goal. |
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In 78 B.C. Caesar returned to Rome and started doing what? |
Building a political base |
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Why was Caesar recognized as the first political thinker? |
He recognized the weight of the masses and became their champion. |
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How did Caesar become the common people's champion? |
He benefited them through games and feasts that they could attend. |
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Why did Caesar volunteer to go to Iberia, and what did this lead to? |
To advance his career and goal in front of important officers. This led to him being elected to the Senate. |
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What did Caesar want to do in the Senate to make him closer to becoming a god, and how did he do this?
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He wanted to be the proconsul of the Transalpine Gaul, he did this by making alliances and promoting himself through after-battle summaries. |
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How would becoming the proconsul of Transalpine Gaul help Caesar on his road to being recognized as a god? |
It brought fame and money, both of which were necessary to be considered a god |
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What was a triumvirate and who was in this for the Senate? |
A trilogy of powerful people who tower above others, Crassus, Caesar, and Pompey |
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Why were each of the members of the triumvirate in it? |
Crassus basically bought his position with his great wealth, Pompey was the military governor of Rome, and Caesar held power in the masses. |
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What did Caesar propose and how did this end up benefiting him? |
He proposed a tax farming bill, when the masses were scammed for tons of money, the people blamed Crassus for the money lost through leakage to the farmers, so he agreed to sponsor Caesar, the champion of the people. |
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What is tax farming? |
When a government allocates its taxes to people and they collect them |
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How did Caesar get the pronconsulship of the Transalpine Gaul? |
He gave away his one daughter to Pompey in return for the job. |
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How was Caesar's army different from other Roman leaders? |
This was HIS army, not Rome's army, and he gave all of his soldiers sandals (for the first time in an army), a bow, a lance, and a gladius, Caesar supplied them well so |
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What five groups of people made up Caesar's army? |
Infantry, cavalry, officers, the mule train, and camp followers |
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What did the mule train and camp followers do? |
The mule train was basically 1,800 wagons that followed the army with supplies, the camp followers were either family, or people with special professions that Caesar hired, ex. Craftsmen, merchants, prostitutes, special chariot-repairmen, etc.. |
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How did Caesar ensure discipline in his army? |
He hired prostitutes to go along with the camp followers |
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How did the Gaulic Wars start in 58 B.C.? |
The Helvetti moved into the Transalpine Gaul, Caesar had a large army, and he wanted to demonstrate its power, so he approached them at Autun, saying that it was an attack. He told them to go back to the Alpines, saying he was under Roman authority, they agreed, but he slaughtered them anyways. |
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When Rome made a parley of leaders, what tribe didn't come, and who were they led by? |
The Soones, who were led by Ariovistus, didn't come, |
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What does Soones mean? |
Tall, light-skinned, light-haired people |
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What happened at Mulhouse? |
Caesar met Ariovistus there, he fought well, but the Romans defeated them and made a treaty |
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What did the treaty made at Mulhouse say? |
Ariovistus had to stay east of the Rhine River, Caesar had to stay west of it
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What is special about the treaty at Mulhouse? |
It was the first time a Roman boundary was internationally recognized |
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What were the Benelux, or low countries? |
Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg |
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What is a dike |
A natural flood barrier |
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In 57-54 B.C. where did Caesar travel and conquer? |
He traveled down the Rhine river, to the Benelux countries, then he moved down the coastline to the west. |
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What is the Rhineland? |
Historically it is the land west of the Rhine River, which is Germanic either politically or culturally. |
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What is the Black Forest? |
The land east of the Rhine River |
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What was a pattern that Caesar did every winter? |
He would leave his army in an encampment, then leave south to Italy to plan his next campaign. He left in regular soldier uniform, and in the spring he returned with a white chariot, white horses, an olive branch wreathe, and clean garments. |
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What was significant about Caesar coming back in the spring dressed as clean and royal as he was? |
It made it appear like he had been to Mount Olympus, also, only gods wore olive wreaths so he strongly implied that he was one by wearing it. |
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How did Caesar make people believe that he regularly defeated the strongest, toughest enemies that Rome had? |
He would chose the strongest, biggest, most tough-looking prisoners and march them around in a parade, promising them freedom if they complied. People believed that all of Caesar's enemies were like this. |
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What happened when the Germanians violated the Mulhouse treaty? |
Caesar found out, moved down from his conquest in the north, so Ariovistus crossed a bridge on the Rhine River and cut it down after him. Caesar spent about 2 and a half months building a bridge, then he went it, flanked them, destroyed many villages, and put about 3,000 of their heads at the main crossing point at the Rhine as a warning to the Germanians. |
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What happened in 54 B.C.? |
Caesar invaded Briton at St. Albans |
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What happened to Caesar in 49 B.C.? |
Pompey, along with the senate, charged Caesar with treason and demanded that he give up command of his army, enter the Cisalpine Gaul, cross the Rubicon River, and enter peacefully into Roman custody. |
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What person took how many soldiers to wait for Caesar in the Rubicon River valley? |
Lepidus took about 100,000 soldiers to wait for Caesar. |
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How did Caesar react to Rome's demands and charges, what did this start? |
He told his troops that he could disrespect them by agreeing to come to Rome peacefully, or running away and becoming a fleeing criminal. He then told them that he would honor them by entering Rome defiantly and fighting, this started a civil war. |
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Pompey soon sent about 12,000 soldiers to dismay Caesar's troops, how did this backfire on him? |
They all joined Caesar's army |
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What did Pompey do when he heard his men had left him for Caesar? |
He sailed to the Balkan Peninsula to get some soldiers, then he went to the Egyptians to try and make an alliance. |
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After many of the Italians had joined Caesar's army, where did he stop at and what did he start making preparations for? |
He stopped at the Plains of Mars and started preparing for his victory parade into Rome. |
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What were some details of Caesar's parade? |
New carts and chariots were made, their horses, uniforms, and weapons were cleaned, special, extremely valuable coins with Caesar's face and the phrase,"Caesar brings liberty" were thrown into the crowd of people, slaves filled dirt into wagons which were topped with gold to make it look like he had accumulated incredible riches, a special bridge and color guard were made for the parade, and it was two days long. |
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Why was Caesar's parade so long and extravagant? |
To glorify him and make him appear more like a god. |
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What did the muckrakers do in Caesar's parade? |
They raked the muck before the parade on the second day. |
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How did Caesar's army come into Rome on the first day? |
First came the infantry, then the cavalry with the dirt filled carts that were topped with gold, then the POWs in wagons who were to made to look like savages again and told to snarl and shake their chains, and then more infantry with 7 girls in white togas who threw the gold coins to the people. |
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How did Caesar's army come into Rome on the second day? |
The muckrakers cleaned the streets, then Caesar's five officers, including Lepidus, Antonius, and Octavian, came in order based upon their power. Trumpets were then blasted, and Caesar entered on a white horse, wearing a white toga with an olive wreath, then he just marches and takes his seat as ruler, with no challengers. |
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What was so crazy about Caesar entering Rome and taking control with nobody challenging him? |
He had violated Roman law by crossing the Rubicon river with an army, and had defied the Senate when they charged him and told him to come peacefully into custody, but he was still hailed as a hero and nobody even tried to arrest or challenge him. |
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How was Caesar a tyrant? |
He was a leader who came to power unjustly. |
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Who did Pompey seek for help, and what happened after he found him? |
Pompey sought Ptolemy VII, he was accepted but when Ptolemy sent a delegate to another Roman ship which approached, Caesar warned him that he was searching for Pompey, Ptolemy invited Caesar to a feast and presented him with Pompey's head as a gift. |
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How did Cleopatra manipulate Caesar and vice versa? |
Cleopatra manipulated Caesar with her beauty, she got him to kill Ptolemy and give her rule of Egypt, but Caesar manipulated her by getting her pregnant and commanding Mark Antony to kill her when she bore the child so that he could rule Egypt through him. |
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How did Caesar's plan to rule Egypt with his son fail? |
Cleopatra beguiled Mark Antony, he didn't kill her and the baby disappeared from history. |
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How did some of the Senate members feel about Caesar when he returned to Rome from Egypt?
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They felt that he was destroying Rome, and told him that he should take a vacation or something. |
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Describe Caesar's assassination |
While meeting with the Senate, someone pinned Caesar's arms with his toga, someone cut his neck non-fatally, then he caught a sword with his hand, and kept struggling while they cut him. It was only when he saw his best friend, Brutus, that he gave up fighting.
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What incorrect assumption did the assassins make about Caesar's murder? |
That the senate would be happy, they weren't, so they told the public about what they witnessed. |
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What did the civilians do when they found out about Caesar's murder? |
They avenged him by randomly, brutally murdering members of the republic, whether they knew that they were involved or not, social chaos was achieved. |
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What two things does a republic require? |
Educated people and hard work |
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What did Caesar name himself in 47-44 B.C., and what does this mean? |
Pontifex Maximus, "High Priest" |
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What was the Pax Romana, and when was it? |
The period of Roman peace under the first empire, it was 27 B.C. - 180 A.D. |
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What are the five main accomplishments Caesar made? |
1. Legal System (the Julian Code, basis for Roman law) 2. Administrative System (how he administered the law) 3. Civil Service (the service for civilians) 4. Building Campaign (huge roads) 5. Modern Politics (he realized and attracted the power of the masses) |
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Who was in the Triumvirate that started in 43 B.C.? |
Lepidus, Antonius, Octavian |
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What happened in 43-41 B.C.? |
There was a civil war because of the power struggle in the Triumvirate. |
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Who were the four blood descendants of Caesar, called the Julian Emperors, and which one was the first Emperor, who lived during Christ's Crucifixion?
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Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero. Tiberius was the first Julian Emperor. |
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How was Octavian named as an heir if he wasn't a blood relative to Caesar? |
Caesar convinced him to marry his granddaughter. |
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In 31 B.C. what happened at the Island of Actium? |
Octavian outmaneuvered Mark Antony, so he and Cleopatra killed themselves, this let Octavian, being the only remaining member of the Triumvirate. |
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In 31-27 B.C. what did Octavian finish that Caesar started? |
The reorganization of Rome |
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In 27 B.C. what did Octavian name himself, and what does it mean? |
Augustus,"Above All" |
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In 14 A.D. why and how did Augustus die? |
His wife, Livia, persuaded him to name Tiberius as his successor for four years, then Caligula the next four, then Claudius the next four, then Nero the next four, depending on how long he lived. Even though he was extremely healthy, Livia poisoned him while Tiberius was named his successor. |
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How were the four Julian Emperors as rulers? |
Tiberius was a flop, Caligula believed he was a god, so he married and got his sister pregnant, then killed the baby and therefore his sister so that there wouldn't be a "purer god". Claudius was a cripple and so worried about poisoning, that he made 7 different meals in 7 different places. Nero was also Insane, like Caligula. |
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How was Tiberius corrupt, and when did he rule? |
He sold government positions and demoted anyone who disagreed with him, 14-37 A.D. |
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How was Caligula insane, and when did he rule? |
He randomly executed about 2,000-3,000 people, causing the reign of terror, and he said he had become a god. The only suitable wife for a god was a goddess, so he married his sister, got her pregnant, then killed her and the baby so that there wouldn't be a "purer god". He also named his horse the Consul of Cisalpine Gaul. He ruled 37-41 A.D. |
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What was Claudius like, what did he do, and when did he rule? |
Claudius was horribly deformed and therefore he had no confidence. He was terrified of being poisoned, and he launched the principle invasion of Briton. He ruled 41-54 A.D. |
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How was Nero insane and when did he rule? |
Nero probably had a major part in the fire of Rome, he started the Christian persecution, and executed Peter and probably Paul. He ruled 54-68 A.D. |
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What is a relic? |
A very old object which has a special, spiritual value |
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What happened when Vespasian forced people to say, in the census in 70 A.D., that he was the supreme god of Rome? |
The Jews revolted under Titus, Vespasian came down there to Nazareth, the temple was destroyed and the Jews fled to Masada. Three years later, they all committed suicide so they wouldn't have to say Vespasian was a god. |
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Who are the Barrack Emperors in order? |
Galba, Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian, Titus, and Domitian. |
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What was Masada? |
A mountaintop city that the Jews fled to. |
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What happened at Masada? |
The Romans built a huge ramp to get their siege towers to the city, when they got there, all of the Jews were dead. |
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Why didn't Titus want the temple to be destroyed? |
After all the Jews at Masada committed suicide because of the Romans, he knew that they would be pushed over the edge with their anger. |
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When did Vespasian and Titus rule? |
Vespasian ruled 69-79 A.D. Titus ruled 79-81 A.D. |
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Who were the Good Emperors, and why were they called this? |
Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antonius Pius, and Marcus Aurelius. They all ruled in periods where Rome existed without many external threats or internal conflicts. |
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What did Nerva do and when did he rule? |
He fortified Ardennes, Cotentin, Avignon, and ruled in 96-98 A.D. |
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What did Trajan do and when did he rule? |
He added Dacia, Arabia, Mesopotamia, Armenia, and ruled 98-117 A.D. |
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What did Hadrian do and when did he rule? |
He added North Briton, and put a wall there to defend against the Picts, he fortified the frontier, he patronized arts, he allowed non citizens to earn their citizenship in the army, he was the first non-Roman ruler, and he ruled 117-138 A.D. |
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When Antonius Pius decided that the army needed to triple in number, what did he do to achieve that amount of people, how did this backfire, and when did he rule? |
He allowed all non-Romans to join the army. Enemies of Rome were able to join the army, get citizenship and therefore not have to pay taxes, and then side with their enemies. He ruled 138-161 A.D. |
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What stuff happened during Marcus Aurelius's rule, and when did he rule? |
He was a stoic; he wrote his notes in a book called Meditations. The first Bubonic Plague swept through Europe, killing about 15% of Rome. |
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What happened after Marcus Aurelius's death? |
The decline of the Roman Empire. |
