🔸udemy Course 2🔸

Front 1

🛑🛑 business 🛑🛑

Back 1

-

Front 2

pluralism

Back 2

بلورلزم

📍 the existence of people of different races, religious beliefs, and cultures within the same society, or the belief that this is a good thing:

1- The country was gradually shifting towards political pluralism.

2- Reform الإصلاح in Arab countries is centred مركز around the need to create a pluralist society

📌 pluralist مؤيد للتعددية

Hint 2

التعددية

Front 3

paper

Back 3

📍 a piece of writing on a particular subject written by an expert and usually published in a book or journal, or read aloud to other people:

1- He recently published a paper in the journal.

2- This controversial مثير للجدل paper suggests that many cases are self-inflicted. ذاتيا

3- She will present a paper on her research into the lifestyleنمط الحياة of the gibbon الجابون قرد tomorrow at 1.30.

Hint 3

ورقة

Front 4

Secular (adj)

Back 4

سيكولار

📍not having any connection with religion:

1- He spoke about preserving the country as a secular state.

2- There is a need for greater secular education.

3- Turkey is one of the most successful secular states of the Middle East.

Hint 4

علماني

Front 5

overpopulation

Back 5

📍the fact of a country or city, etc. having too many people for the amount of food, materials, and space available there:

1- The region was suffering from overpopulation.

2- Food shortages stemmed (تنبع) ستيمد from rapid overpopulation.

3- Overpopulation kept agricultural wages الأجور at pitiful )بيتي فل (يرثى لها / هزيل rates

Hint 5

زيادة في عدد السكان

Front 6

Secular (adj)

Back 6

سيكولار

📍not having any connection with religion:

1- He spoke about preserving the country as a secular state.

2- There is a need for greater secular education.

3- Turkey is one of the most successful secular states of the Middle East.

📌N: secularism العلمانية

Hint 6

علماني

Front 7

civilian

Back 7

📍a person who is not a member of the police or the armed forces:

1- It was difficult to return to civilian life after twelve years in the military.

2- It is thought that there were 190,000 civilian casualties كاجولتيس (إصابات) during the Iraq War.

3- Both soldiers and civilians (n) were killed in the battle.

Hint 7

مدني

Front 8

feminism

Back 8

📍​the belief that women should be allowed the same rights, power, and opportunities as men and be treated in the same way, or the set of activities intended to achieve this state:

1- Feminism has still to change the lives of the majority of women.

2- She was a champion بطلة of radical feminism.

3- Proponents أنصار of feminism have challenged traditional gender roles.

Hint 8

نظرية المساواة بين الجنسين

Front 9

migrate النطق

Back 9

مايقريت

📍to move from one country or place to live or work in another :

1- People migrate from the countryside to the city in search of work

2- Many birds migrate to Africa in the winter

3- Early humans migrated in search of food.

✏️N: migration.

- migrant مايقرنت (مهاجر

لكن الأكثر يستخدمون immigrant

Hint 9

يهاجر

Front 10

indigenous

Back 10

أندجنس

📍naturally existing in a place or country rather than arriving from another place:

1- The Aztecs الأزتيك were one of the indigenous peoples of Mexico.

2- The Red Fox is indigenous to parts of eastern USA.

3- The village is surrounded by hundreds of indigenous plants.

Hint 10

السكان الأصليين/ ابن البلد/ بلدي

Front 11

opinion poll

Back 11

📍an occasion when people are asked questions to discover what they think about a subject:

1- Nearly 60% of people questioned in a recent opinion poll supported the government.

2- Even though opinion polls showed otherwise, Trump won the election.

3- Opinion polls suggest that there is support for the policy

Hint 11

استطلاع رأي ( خاصة في السياسة)

Front 12

overpopulation

Back 12

📍the fact of a country or city, etc. having too many people for the amount of food, materials, and space available there:

1- The region was suffering from overpopulation.

2- Food shortages stemmed (تنبع) ستيمد from rapid overpopulation.

3- Overpopulation kept agricultural wages الأجور at pitiful )بيتي فل (يرثى لها / هزيل rates

Hint 12

زيادة في عدد السكان

Front 13

per capita

Back 13

بير كابتا

📍If you express an amount per capita, you mean that amount for each person:

1- Norway has the highest per capita income in the world.

2- The per capita consumption of alcohol has dropped over the past two years.

3- This year the French will eat about 40 % more fresh apples per capita (adv) than the Germans.

Hint 13

للفرد/ لكل فرد

Front 14

migrate النطق

Back 14

مايقريت

📍to move from one country or place to live or work in another :

1- People migrate from the countryside to the city in search of work

2- Many birds migrate to Africa in the winter

3- Early humans migrated in search of food.

✏️N: migration.

- migrant مايقرنت (مهاجر

لكن الأكثر يستخدمون immigrant

Hint 14

يهاجر

Front 15

indigenous

Back 15

أندجنس

📍naturally existing in a place or country rather than arriving from another place:

1- The Aztecs الأزتيك were one of the indigenous peoples of Mexico.

2- The Red Fox is indigenous to parts of eastern USA.

3- The village is surrounded by hundreds of indigenous plants.

Hint 15

السكان الأصليين/ ابن البلد/ بلدي

Front 16

migrate النطق

Back 16

مايقريت

📍to move from one country or place to live or work in another :

1- People migrate from the countryside to the city in search of work

2- Many birds migrate to Africa in the winter

3- Early humans migrated in search of food.

✏️N: migration.

- migrant مايقرنت (مهاجر

لكن الأكثر يستخدمون immigrant

Hint 16

يهاجر

Front 17

libertarian

Back 17

📍a person who believes that people should be free to think and behave as they want and should not have limits put on them by governments:

1- He was a libertarian politician and advocated the right to carry guns.

2- Libertarians argue that people have the right to live as they choose.

Hint 17

تحرري / مؤمن بحرية الإرادة

Front 18

gross

Back 18

📍 (in) total:

1- Apple recorded a gross profit last year of $88 billion.

2- This bank account offers a gross interest rate of 3.4%.

3- She earned $236,000 gross(adv) last year.

4- Titanic grossed (v) $28 million in its opening weekend.

Hint 18

إجمالي ( يعني قبل الضرائب ...)

Front 19

advocate (n)

Back 19

أدفكت

📍 a lawyer who defends someone in a law court:

📍 someone who publicly supports something:

1- He was a strong advocate for free speech.

2- He worked as an advocate in the criminal court.

3- He was a leading advocate for women’s rights

Hint 19

محامي أو مؤيد

Front 20

abide by

Back 20

أبايد باي

📍to accept or obey an agreement, decision, or rule:

1- You must abide by school rules

2- The police make sure that people abide by the law.

3- Employees must abide by the terms of their employment contract.

Hint 20

يلتزم

Front 21

enforce

Back 21

📍 to make people obey a law, or to make a particular situation happen or be accepted:

1- Until now, the government has only enforced the ban منع on American ships.

2- The measures الإجراءات are being enforced by the army.

3- A strict monetary مونوتيري (نقدي)policy was enforced.

📌N : enforcement

Hint 21

يفرض / يفرض النظام/ ينفذ

Front 22

invoke

Back 22

أنفوك

📍to use something such as a law to help you when you want to do something:

1- The judge invoked an international law that protects refugees. رفيوجيس ( النطق)

2- The NATO ambassador invoked the mutual defense clause. بند

3- The president invoked the power given him by the constitution.

Hint 22

يحتج

Front 23

jurisdiction

Back 23

جوروستيكشن

📍 the authority of a court or official organization to make decisions and judgments :

1- The FBI has no jurisdiction in Europe.

2- British police have no jurisdiction over foreign bank accounts.

3- The crime took within the jurisdiction of the Bangkok court of law.

Hint 23

الاختصاص القضائي

Front 24

litigate

Back 24

ليتقيت

📍 to ask for a disagreement to be discussed in a court of law so that a judgment can be made that must be accepted by both sides in the argument:

1- The cost of litigating personal injury claims is becoming expensive.

2- The chance of similar cases being litigated in India seems unlikely.

3- The settlement ends more than 4 years of litigation between the 2 companies.

📌 n: litigation دعوى

Hint 24

يقاضي / يرفع دعوى

Front 25

prosecute

Back 25

بروسكيوت

📍 to officially accuse someone of committing a crime in a law court, or (of a lawyer) to try to prove that a person accused of committing a crime is guilty of that crime:

1- The police have decided not to prosecute because of a lack of evidence.

2- Photographs taken by roadside cameras are enough to prosecute motoristsسائقي السيارات for speeding.

3- He is being prosecuted for a string of offenses. سلسلة من الجرائم

Hint 25

يحاكم

Front 26

clause النطق

Back 26

كلوز

📍 a particular part of a written legal document, for example a law passed by Parliament or a contract:

1- He has a clause in his contract which entitles يخول him to a percentage of the profits.

2- The complaint الشكوى alleged أليجد ( المزعوم) a breach خرق/ مخالفة of clause 4 of the code. قانون

3- This clause stipulates ينص) ستيب يوليتس) the health and welfare رفاهة benefits of employees

Hint 26

بند

Front 27

comply

Back 27

كومبلاي

📍 to obey a particular rule or law, or act according to an agreement:

1- The commander said that the army would comply with the terms of the ceasefire. وقف إطلاق النار

2- Some beaches have failed to comply with European directives دايرتكتف(توجيهات) on bathing water. ماء الاستحمام

3- You must fully comply with the requirements of the agreement.

📌N: compliance الامتثال

Hint 27

يمتثل

Front 28

exempt

Back 28

إكزيمت

📍to excuse someone or something from a duty, payment, etc.:

1- College students were exempt from military service.

2- Any income gained from this source is exempt from tax.

3- Basic necessities, such as children’s clothing and food, are exempt from sales tax.

Hint 28

مستثنى / معفى من

Front 29

ratify

Back 29

راتفاي

📍 (especially of governments or organizations) to make an agreement official:

1- The parliaments of Australia and Indonesia have yet to ratify the treaty. معاهدة

2- Russia formally ratified the Kyoto Protocol on Thursday.

3- The two companies formally ratified the merger.

📌N:ratification تصديق

Hint 29

يصدق

Front 30

sanction (n)(v)

Back 30

سانكشن ( الصورة مجلس الأمن الأوربي يوافقون على التدخل العسكري )

📍 approval or permission, especially formal or legal:

1- The president may now be ready to sanction the use of force. استخدام القوة

2- He decided to sanction an increase in public borrowing. الاقتراض العام

3- They argued that an invasion could only take place with the sanction of the United Nations.

Hint 30

موافقة / يوافق (رسمياً)

Front 31

Violated

Back 31

📍to break or act against something, especially a law, agreement, principle, or something that should be treated with respect:

1- They went to prison because they violated the law.

2- They violated the ceasefire agreement.

3- There are allegations of human rights violations.

📌n: violation انتهاك

Hint 31

ينتهك

Front 32

uphold

Back 32

📍 to support or defend (something, such as a law):

1- Our policy has been to uphold the law.

2- The court upheld the judge’s original decision.

3- The judges unanimously(بالإجماع ( يونانمسلي upheld the appeal

📌 upheld صيغة الماضي

Hint 32

بؤيد / يدعم

Front 33

🛑🛑POLITICAL BELIEFS 🛑🛑

Back 33

-

Front 34

advocate (v)

Back 34

(أدفكايت وليس ادفكيت) لأنها v وليس n

📍 to publicly support or suggest an idea, development, or way of doing something:

1- The prime minister advocates fewer government controls ضوابط حكومية on business.

2- The education policy advocated by the opposition المعارضة will reduce the amount of testing done in schools.

3- I am going to advocate for the rights of refugees.

Hint 34

يدافع / يؤيد

Front 35

dogma

Back 35

📍 a fixed, especially religious, belief or set of beliefs that people are expected to accept without any doubts

1- Their religious dogma has blinded them to the people’s suffering.

2- Her political dogma made her ignore the real needs of the country.

3- He wants to free the country from the grip of dogmatic beliefs.

📌Adj: dogmatic

Hint 35

عقيدة ( غالباً مصطلح يستخدم في سياق سلبي )

Front 36

propaganda

Back 36

📍 information, ideas, opinions, or images, often only giving one part of an argument, that are broadcast, published, or in some other way spread with the intention of influencing people's opinions:

1- The separatists الانفصاليين adopted تبنوا an aggressive propaganda campaign against its rivals.

2- He made a series of pro-fascist الموالية للفاشية propaganda movies in the 1930s.

3- Republicanجمهوري propaganda is designed to encourage fear and hatred.

Hint 36

دعاية ( غالباً مصطلح سلبي )

Front 37

ideology

Back 37

📍 a set of beliefs or principles, especially one on which a political system, party, or organization is based:

1- The president embracedتبنى the ideology of the free market.

2- American conservatives كنسرفيتفس (المحافظين) are often divided by powerful political ideologies.

3- The fascist فاشي ideology devastated Europe.

📌 adj: ideological

Hint 37

آيدوجولية/ مذهب

Front 38

liberal

Back 38

📍 wanting or allowing a lot of political and economic freedom and supporting gradual social, political or religious change

1- The country transitioned انتقلت successfully from a dictatorship to a liberal democracy.

2- Liberal economic policies encourage more free trade and less protectionism بروتيكشنزم (سياسية الحماية)

📌N: liberalism الليبرالية

Hint 38

ليبرالية/ تحررية ( يعني يبغى الأشياء تتغير عكس المحافظ conservative اللي يبي كل شيء على وضعه )

Front 39

libertarian

Back 39

📍a person who believes that people should be free to think and behave as they want and should not have limits put on them by governments:

1- He was a libertarian politician and advocated the right to carry guns.

2- Libertarians argue that people have the right to live as they choose.

📌N: libertarianism

Hint 39

تحرري / مؤمن بحرية الإرادة

Front 40

pluralism

Back 40

بلورلزم

📍 the existence of people of different races, religious beliefs, and cultures within the same society, or the belief that this is a good thing:

1- The country was gradually shifting towards political pluralism.

2- Reform الإصلاح in Arab countries is centred مركز around the need to create a pluralist society

📌 pluralist مؤيد للتعددية

Hint 40

التعددية

Front 41

🛑🛑 SOCIAL ISSUES🛑🛑

Back 41

-

Front 42

inequality

Back 42

📍the unfair situation in society when some people have more opportunities, money, etc. than other people:

1- People are raising concerns about increasing social inequality.

2- Our policies aim to reduce inequality.

3- There is still significant inequality between the sexes in many European countries.

Hint 42

عدم المساواة / تفاوت

Front 43

deprived

Back 43

ديبرايفد

📍 not having the things that are necessary for a pleasant life, such as enough money, food, or good living conditions:

1- They are probably the most severely deprived children in the country.

2- There are considerable problems associated with life in a deprived area.

3- He endured (تحملت) انجورد a deprived childhood but ultimately في النهاية found success and happiness.

📌N: deprivation

Hint 43

محروم من الأشياء الأساسية

Front 44

elite

Back 44

أليت

📍the richest, most powerful, best-educated, or best-trained group in a society:

1- The country was ruled by a wealthy elite.

2- The governing elite are often out of touch with ordinary people.

3- The debate is dominated by an intellectual elite. نخبة فكرية

📌Adj: elitist

📌N: elitism

Hint 44

النخبة / الصفوة

Front 45

redistribute

Back 45

ريدستربويت

📍to share something out differently from before, especially in a fairer way:

1- Wealth was redistributed more equally after the revolution.

2- Taxes can be used to redistribute income.

3- The communists embarked شرعت on a program of land redistribution.

📌N: redistribution

Hint 45

يعيد توزيع

Front 46

privilege

Back 46

📍an advantage that only one person or group of people has, usually because of their position or because they are rich:

1- The Russian Federationالاتحاد الروسي has issued أصدر a decree مرسوم removing special privileges for government officials.

2- Members of parliament enjoy special rights and privileges.

3- Member nations of the EU have mutual trading privileges.

Hint 46

امتيازات

Front 47

underprivileged

Back 47

📍without the money, possessions, education, opportunities, etc. that the average person has:

1- This charity helps underprivileged children learn to read.

2- Government cuts تخفيضات الحكومة had a great impact on underprivileged families.

3- The inner city was a ghetto الغيت حي اليهود for the underprivileged.

Hint 47

محروم من الأشياء الأساسية

Front 48

multicultural

Back 48

📍including people who have many different customs and beliefs:

1- There are many advantages for children growing up in a multicultural society.

2- The school curriculum مناهج الدراسة takes a multicultural perspective.

3- Many neighborhoods in large cities contain multicultural communities.

📌N: multiculturalism التعددية الثقافية

Hint 48

متعدد الثقافات

Front 49

civil rights

Back 49

📍 the rights of each person in a society, including equality under the law and in employment and the right to vote:

1- They introduced new laws guaranteeing civil rights.

2- The police were accused of violating her civil rights.

3- Martin Luther King led the campaign for civil rights in the southern states.

Hint 49

الحقوق المدنية / حقوق المواطن

Front 50

Secular (adj)

Back 50

سيكولار

📍not having any connection with religion:

1- He spoke about preserving the country as a secular state.

2- There is a need for greater secular education.

3- Turkey is one of the most successful secular states of the Middle East.

📌N: secularism العلمانية

Hint 50

علماني

Front 51

ethics

Back 51

📍the study of what is morally right and wrong, or a set of beliefs about what is morally right and wrong:

1- Its members are bound مقيد by a rigid جامد code of ethics.

2- Doctors claimed that such an action was a violation of medical ethics.

3- Corporate ethics have reached a low point.

📍Adj: ethical

Hint 51

أخلاق

Front 52

feminism

Back 52

📍​the belief that women should be allowed the same rights, power, and opportunities as men and be treated in the same way, or the set of activities intended to achieve this state:

1- Feminism has still to change the lives of the majority of women.

2- She was a champion بطلة of radical متطرف feminism.

3- Proponents أنصار of feminism have challenged traditional gender roles.

Hint 52

نظرية المساواة بين الجنسين

Front 53

humanitarian

Back 53

هيمانوتريان

📍(a person who is) involved in or connected with improving people's lives and reducing suffering:

1- The air bombing campaign حملة القصف الجوي was criticized on humanitarian grounds. لأسباب إنسانية

2- The UN and Red Crescent orchestrated أوركا ستريتيد (ينسق) humanitarian aid.

3- Philanthropists المحسنين and humanitarians head the Australian honours list, issued today.

Hint 53

إنساني

Front 54

refugee النطق

Back 54

رفيوجي

📍 B2 a person who has escaped from their own country for political, religious, or economic reasons or because of a war:

1- About 100 refugees have escaped from a detention camp. معتقل

2- Thousands of refugees crossed Europe after the war.

3- The refugee crisis أزمة has dominated TV coverage. تغطية

📌 refuge رفيوج (ملجأ)

Hint 54

لاجئ

Front 55

catastrophe

Back 55

كتاسترفي

📍 a sudden event that causes very great trouble or destruction:

1- War between the two countries would be a catastrophe.

2- The world is facing an environmental catastrophe.

3- The hurricane had a catastrophic كاترستىفيك impact on the economy of the coast.

📌Adj: catastrophic كارثي

Front 56

civilian

Back 56

📍a person who is not a member of the police or the armed forces:

1- It was difficult to return to civilian life after twelve years in the military.

2- It is thought that there were 190,000 civilian casualties كاجولتيس (إصابات) during the Iraq War.

3- Both soldiers and civilians (n) were killed in the battle.

Hint 56

مدني

Front 57

demographic

Back 57

ديماقروفك

📍 relating to the study of changes that occur in large groups of people over a period of time:

1- Industrialization التصنيع has caused many demographic changes

2- Industrialization التصنيع has led to changing demographics(n)

3- Most of my readers are in the 65-80 year old demographic (n).

Hint 57

ديموغرافي /السكانية / خاص بإحصائيات السكان من زواج ووفيات ...

Front 58

indigenous

Back 58

أندجنس

📍naturally existing in a place or country rather than arriving from another place:

1- The Aztecs الأزتيك were one of the indigenous peoples of Mexico.

2- The Red Fox is indigenous to parts of eastern USA.

3- The village is surrounded by hundreds of indigenous plants.

Hint 58

السكان الأصليين/ ابن البلد/ بلدي

Front 59

migrate النطق

Back 59

مايقريت

📍to move from one country or place to live or work in another :

1- People migrate from the countryside to the city in search of work

2- Many birds migrate to Africa in the winter

3- Early humans migrated in search of food.

✏️N: migration.

- migrant مايقرنت (مهاجر

لكن الأكثر يستخدمونبدل الكلمة أعلاه immigrant

Hint 59

يهاجر

Front 60

opinion poll

Back 60

📍an occasion when people are asked questions to discover what they think about a subject:

1- Nearly 60% of people questioned in a recent opinion poll supported the government.

2- Even though opinion polls showed otherwise, Trump won the election.

3- Opinion polls suggest that there is support for the policy

Hint 60

استطلاع رأي ( خاصة في السياسة)

Front 61

overpopulation

Back 61

📍the fact of a country or city, etc. having too many people for the amount of food, materials, and space available there:

1- The region was suffering from overpopulation.

2- Food shortages stemmed (تنبع) ستيمد from rapid overpopulation.

3- Overpopulation kept agricultural wages الأجور at pitiful )بيتي فل (يرثى لها / هزيل rates

Hint 61

زيادة في عدد السكان

Front 62

per capita

Back 62

بير كابتا

📍If you express an amount per capita, you mean that amount for each person:

1- Norway has the highest per capita income in the world.

2- The per capita consumption of alcohol has dropped over the past two years.

3- This year the French will eat about 40 % more fresh apples per capita (adv) than the Germans.

Hint 62

للفرد/ لكل فرد

Front 63

🛑🛑 Text 🛑🛑

Back 63

-

Front 64

abstract

Back 64

📍 a few sentences that give the main ideas in an article or a scientific paper:

1- Many scientists only have time to read the abstracts of academic papers.

2- Some library indexes الفهارس also contain abstracts or summaries of articles.

3- The abstract of many papers often tells you everything you need to know.

Hint 64

الخلاصة/ نبذة مختصرة

Front 65

bibliography

Back 65

ببليوقرفي

📍 a list of the books and articles that have been used by someone when writing a particular book or article:

1- Readers interested in further readings قراءات اخرى should check the bibliography at the back of the book.

2- I have included an extensive شامل bibliography at the rear of the book.

3- Please refer to the bibliography for references contained in the paper.

Hint 65

قائمة المراجع

Front 66

commentary

Back 66

كومينتيري

📍spoken or written discussion in which people express opinions about someone or something

1- Mr Barnes will be writing a weekly commentary about life in Poland.

2- It is an insightful الثاقبة commentary about life in China.

3- He is a top political commentator from Moscow.

📌commentator معلق

Hint 66

تعليق

Front 67

footnote

Back 67

📍a note with added information that is placed below the text on a printed page:

1- She has added several footnotes to the document.

2- You can add footnotes to the page by selecting the footer option.

Hint 67

هامش/ حاشية

Front 68

paper

Back 68

📍 a piece of writing on a particular subject written by an expert and usually published in a book or journal, or read aloud to other people:

1- He recently published a paper in the journal.

2- This controversial مثير للجدل paper suggests that many cases are self-inflicted. ذاتيا

3- She will present a paper on her research into the lifestyleنمط الحياة of the gibbon الجابون قرد tomorrow at 1.30.

📌Adj: periodical

Hint 68

ورقة

Front 69

précis نطق البرنامج خطأ

Back 69

بري سي

📍 a short form of a text that gives only the important parts:

1- A précis of the manuscript was sent to the magazine.

2- The power of this story cannot be judged from a précis of the plot.

3- He wrote a précis of the book for The Times newspaper.

Hint 69

ملخص / نبذة مختصرة

Front 70

🛑🛑 BIOLOGY 🛑🛑

Back 70

-

Front 71

decay

Back 71

ديكاي

📍 to become gradually damaged, worse, or less; to cause something to do this:

1- Many insects enjoy a diet of rotting and decaying vegetation.

2- The bodies buried in ash started to decay.

3- The old theatre was left to decay.

Hint 71

يفسد

Front 72

dormant

Back 72

📍 Something that is dormant is not active or growing but has the ability to be active at a later time:

1- The dormant volcano St Helens suddenly erupted in 1980.

2- The virus remains dormant in nerve tissue نسيج عصبي until activated. ينشط

3- The UN is reactivating ينشط / يفعل peace talks that have been dormant for two decades.

Hint 72

خامد ( ارجع للتعريف )

Front 73

exhale

Back 73

📍 to send air out of your lungs:

1- You should inhale يستنشق through your nose and exhale زفير through your mouth.

2- Carbon dioxide ثاني أكسيد الكربون is exhaled through your mouth.

3- She slowly exhaled the cigarette smoke.

📌N: exhalation

Hint 73

يزفر

Front 74

inhale

Back 74

📍to breathe air, smoke, or gas into your lungs:

1- He took a long, slow breath, inhaling deeply.

2- He was treated for the effects of inhaling smoke.

3- She inhaled the scent of the flowers.

📌N: inhalation

Hint 74

يستنشق

Front 75

fertilize

Back 75

فريتلايز

📍to cause an egg or seed to start to develop into a new young animal or plant by joining it with a male cell:

1- Certain varieties of plant cannot be fertilized with their own pollen. لقاح

2- A certain sperm count is needed in order to fertilize the egg.

3- The land was fertilized for seed planting

📌N: fertilization

Hint 75

يخصب / يلقح

Front 76

reproduce

Back 76

📍 When living things reproduce, they produce young plants, animals, etc.:

1- We are reproducing ourselves at an excessive rate. مفرط

2- Genes are copied and swapped تبادلت during sexual reproduction.

3- In this society, women are defined by their ability to reproduce.

📌N: reproduction

Hint 76

يتكاثر/ يتوالد

Front 77

suppress

Back 77

📍 : to slow or stop the growth, development, or normal functioning of (something)

1- The growth of cancerous cells can be suppressed through radiation. إشعاع

2- There is evidence that UV light الأشعة فوق البنفسجية can suppress the immune مناعة system.

3- A doctor must learn to suppress his feelings.

📍N: suppression

Hint 77

يوقف / يمنع

Front 78

🛑🛑 business 🛑🛑

Back 78

-

Front 79

audit

Back 79

أوديت

📍to make an official examination of the accounts of a business and produce a report:

1- Each year they audit our accounts and check if they are accurate.

2- They plan to audit the company.

3- The bank found out the problem when they carried out an internal داخلي audit(N).

📌auditor مدقق الحسابات

Hint 79

يدقق في الحسابات

Front 80

compensate

Back 80

📍 to pay someone money in exchange for something that has been lost or damaged or for some problem:

1- When the bank collapsed انهار , the government compensated customers for their losses.

2- She promised to compensate her victims for the trauma صدمة they suffered.

3- The court ordered him to pay £300 compensation.

📌N: compensation.

Hint 80

يعوض

Front 81

reimburse

Back 81

ريمبرس

📍to pay back money to someone who has spent it for you or lost it because of you:

1- Participants will have their travel expenses reimbursed.

2- The funds will reimburse policyholders حامل سند التأمين in the event of insurer failure.حال فشل شركة التأمين

3- She is demanding reimbursement for her medical expenses.

📌N: reimbursement

Hint 81

يعوض ( نفس الكلمة السابقة)

Front 82

turnover

Back 82

📍the amount of business that a company does in a period of time:

1- The company had a turnover of $1.2 billion in 2015.

2- Total turnover rose by 13%.

3- The manager admitted that staff turnover was high. هنا استخدام اخر للكلمة وهي معناها ان الموظفين يتركون الشركة

Hint 82

المبيعات الكلية ( يعني قبل نطلع الصافي )

* تختلف عن profit اللي بمعنى ربح فهذا بكون بعد ما نستبعد المصاريف

Front 83

creditor

Back 83

📍 someone who money is owed to:

1- The company said that it would repay all its creditors.

2- It will be the second bailout الإنقاذ of Greece and its creditor banks.

3- You must pay back your creditors within 30 days.

Hint 83

دائن

Front 84

debtor النطق

Back 84

📍 someone who owes money:

1- Debtors must manage their finances carefully.

2- If you are a debtor, we can give you financial advice.

3- In Europe, economic decisions often pit creditor nations against debtor nations.

Hint 84

مدين

Front 85

enterprise

Back 85

اينتربرايس

📍an organization, especially a business, or a difficult and important plan, especially one that will earn money:

1- Small enterprises are flourishing تزدهر under current government policies.

2- It’s one of Hungary’s المجر most successful enterprises.

3- Their enterprise, energy, and thrift made them natural leaders in the community.

Hint 85

مشروع تجاري ( غالباً صغير )

Front 86

entrepreneur

Back 86

انتربرونر

📍 someone who starts their own business, especially when this involves seeing a new opportunity:

1- The two entrepreneurs set up their company two years ago.

2- The government is providing financial incentives حوافز for entrepreneurs to innovate. الابتكار

3- Bill Fish, the Californian entrepreneur, founded a new Internet search engine in 2006.

✏️Adj: entrepreneurial انتر برونريل

📍N: entrepreneurship ريادة الأعمال

Hint 86

رائد أعمال

Front 87

found

Back 87

📍 to bring something into existence:

1- Facebook was founded by Mark Zuckerberg.

2- The business, founded in 1923, recently suffered severe financial setbacks. نكسات

3- He founded the company in 2007.

📌N: foundation. تأسيس

Hint 87

يؤسس

Front 88

franchise

Back 88

📍a right to sell a company's products in a particular area using the company's name:

1- They won the franchise to run the railway system.

2- The franchise holders اصحاب were unhappy with the policies of the parent company. الشركة الأم

3- She bought a franchise to run a Starbucks coffee shop in the new shopping centre.

Hint 88

الامتياز التجاري

Front 89

merge

Back 89

📍 to combine or join together, or to cause things to do this:

1- The Bank of America merged with Merrill Lynch.

2- Modern and traditional architectural elements merge in a clever way.

📌N: merger اندماج

Hint 89

يدمج

Front 90

restructure

Back 90

📍 to organize a company, business, or system in a new way to make it operate more effectively:

1- The president called on educators المربين to help him restructure the American education system.

2- Many banks were forced to restructure after the banking collapse of 2008.

3- They made every effort to restructure their company.

Hint 90

إعادة هيكلة

Front 91

subsidiary

Back 91

سبسيديري

📍​a company that is owned by a larger company

1- British Asia Airways is a subsidiary of British Airways.

2- It’s one of 10 subsidiaries of Cossack Holdings.

2- CNPC agreed to buy a 10% holding in Vankorneft, a subsidiary of Rosneft.

Hint 91

شركة فرعية

Front 92

gross

Back 92

📍 (in) total:

1- Apple recorded a gross profit last year of $88 billion.

2- This bank account offers a gross interest rate of 3.4%.

3- She earned $236,000 gross(adv) last year.

4- Titanic grossed (v) $28 million in its opening weekend.

Hint 92

إجمالي ( يعني قبل الضرائب ...)

Front 93

net

Back 93

📍 the amount of profit that a business has left after tax has been paid:

1- Last year we saw an increase in our net profit.

2- Net incomes are expected to rise next year.

3- Profits are just over $50,000 net. (Adv)

Hint 93

الصافي

Front 94

liquidate

Back 94

ليكويديت

📍 to cause a business to close, so that its assets can be sold to pay its debts:

1- A unanimous بالإجماع vote was taken to liquidate the company.

2- The court has appointed a receiver محصل to liquidate the company.

3- The company closed down operations and began liquidating its assets أصول

📌N: liquidation تصفية

Hint 94

يصفي

Front 95

quarter

Back 95

📍one of four equal or almost equal parts of something; ¼:

1- The company’s third quarter results will be published tomorrow.

2- The company performed better than expected in the current financial quarter.

3- It makes no difference whether dividends الأرباح are paid quarterly (adv) or annually.

Hint 95

ربع ( كل ثلاث شهور )

Front 96

return

Back 96

📍if a business or an investment returns an amount of money, it produces a profit:

1- Profits have improved but the return on our investments remains low.

2- Higher returns on an investment usually mean higher risk.

3- The company showed lower returns this year.

Hint 96

العوائد

Front 97

tariff

Back 97

تارف

📍​a charge or list of charges either for services or on goods entering a country:

1- Canada wants to eliminate تزيل tariffs on agricultural goods.

2- Protectionist policies السياسات الحمائيةlead to a rise in tariffs.

3- The WTO منظمة التجارة العالميةhas been successful in reducing tariffs globally.

Hint 97

الضريبة الجمركية

Front 98

quota

Back 98

كووتا

📍 an official limit on the number or amount of people or things that are allowed:

1- South Korea now imposes فرضت quotas on beef imports واردات to protect its weak farm industry.

2- The quota of four tickets per person had been reduced to two.

3- The new law will force employers to adopt a quota system when recruiting workers

Hint 98

حصة محددة

Front 99

🛑COMPARE AND CONTRAST🛑

Back 99

-

Front 100

complement

Back 100

📍 to complete something else or make it better

1- There will be a written test to complement the practical test.

2- Their academic program is complemented by a wide range of sporting and cultural activities

📌Adj: complementary

Hint 100

يتمم

* تختلف عن compliment اللي بمعنى اطراء

Front 101

converse

Back 101

📍

1- Your job affects where you live. And the converse is true: where you live, affects what job you will have.

2- If taxes are high, savings will be low. Conversely, if taxes are low, savings will be high.

3- They may reduce the activity of certain hormones or, conversely, they may cause excessive hormonal activity.

Front 102

converse

Back 102

📍

1- Your job affects where you live. And the converse is true: where you live, affects what job you will have.

2- If taxes are high, savings will be low. Conversely, if taxes are low, savings will be high.

3- They may reduce the activity of certain hormones or, conversely, they may cause excessive hormonal activity.

Front 103

differentiate

Back 103

📍

1- A baby can differentiate between a smile and a frown.

2- A child may not be able to differentiate between his imagination and the real world.

3- Their brand was not differentiated enough from the competition

Front 104

converse

Back 104

📍

1- Your job affects where you live. And the converse is true: where you live, affects what job you will have.

2- If taxes are high, savings will be low. Conversely, if taxes are low, savings will be high.

3- They may reduce the activity of certain hormones or, conversely, they may cause excessive hormonal activity.

Front 105

differentiate

Back 105

📍

1- A baby can differentiate between a smile and a frown.

2- A child may not be able to differentiate between his imagination and the real world.

3- Their brand was not differentiated enough from the competition

Front 106

diverse

Back 106

📍

1- The country has a diverse range of habitats.

2- Society is now much more diverse than ever before.

3- The program is enjoyed by a very diverse audience

Front 107

converse

Back 107

📍

1- Your job affects where you live. And the converse is true: where you live, affects what job you will have.

2- If taxes are high, savings will be low. Conversely, if taxes are low, savings will be high.

3- They may reduce the activity of certain hormones or, conversely, they may cause excessive hormonal activity.

Front 108

differentiate

Back 108

📍

1- A baby can differentiate between a smile and a frown.

2- A child may not be able to differentiate between his imagination and the real world.

3- Their brand was not differentiated enough from the competition

Front 109

diverse

Back 109

📍

1- The country has a diverse range of habitats.

2- Society is now much more diverse than ever before.

3- The program is enjoyed by a very diverse audience

Front 110

mirror

Back 110

📍

1- The story mirrors many of my own experiences.

2- The debate over immigration often mirrors the debate over assimilation

Front 111

resemble

Back 111

📍

1- Some commercially produced venison resembles beef in flavour.

2- It is true that both therapies do closely resemble each other.

3- There was a remarkable resemblance between the two books.

📌N: resemblance

Front 112

converse

Back 112

📍

1- Your job affects where you live. And the converse is true: where you live, affects what job you will have.

2- If taxes are high, savings will be low. Conversely, if taxes are low, savings will be high.

3- They may reduce the activity of certain hormones or, conversely, they may cause excessive hormonal activity.

Front 113

differentiate

Back 113

📍

1- A baby can differentiate between a smile and a frown.

2- A child may not be able to differentiate between his imagination and the real world.

3- Their brand was not differentiated enough from the competition

Front 114

diverse

Back 114

📍

1- The country has a diverse range of habitats.

2- Society is now much more diverse than ever before.

3- The program is enjoyed by a very diverse audience

Front 115

mirror

Back 115

📍

1- The story mirrors many of my own experiences.

2- The debate over immigration often mirrors the debate over assimilation

Front 116

resemble

Back 116

📍

1- Some commercially produced venison resembles beef in flavour.

2- It is true that both therapies do closely resemble each other.

3- There was a remarkable resemblance between the two books.

📌N: resemblance

Front 117

synonymous

Back 117

📍

1- Paris is synonymous with elegance, luxury, style...and love.

2- In politics, power and popularity are rarely synonymous.

3- Champagne is synonymous with celebration.

Front 118

converse

Back 118

كون فرس

📍The opposite:

1- Your job affects where you live. And the converse is true: where you live, affects what job you will have.

2- If taxes are high, savings will be low. Conversely, if taxes are low, savings will be high.

3- They may reduce the activity of certain hormones or, conversely, they may cause excessive hormonal activity.

📌Adv: conversely

Hint 118

العكس / مضاد

* قد تاتي بمعنى يحادث

Front 119

differentiate النطق

Back 119

ديفرنشييت

📍 to show or find the difference between things that are compared:

1- A baby can differentiate between a smile and a frown.

2- A child may not be able to differentiate between his imagination and the real world.

3- Their brand was not differentiated enough from the competition

📌 N: differentiation التمييز

Hint 119

يميز

Front 120

diverse

Back 120

📍 including many different types of people or things:

1- The country has a diverse range of habitats.

2- Society is now much more diverse than ever before.

3- The program is enjoyed by a very diverse audience

📌N: diversity

📌V: diversify ينوع

Hint 120

متنوع

Front 121

mirror

Back 121

📍 to be very similar to (something)

1- The story mirrors many of my own experiences.

2- The debate over immigration often mirrors the debate over assimilation.

- Her mood mirrored the gloomy قاتم weather. [=her mood was gloomy like the weather]

Hint 121

يعكس

Front 122

resemble

Back 122

📍 to look like or be like someone or something:

1- Some commercially produced venison resembles beef in flavour.

2- It is true that both therapies do closely resemble each other.

3- There was a remarkable resemblance between the two books.

📌N: resemblance

Hint 122

يشبه

Front 123

synonymous النطق

Back 123

سينانمس

📍 If you say that one thing is synonymous with another, you mean that the two things are so closely connected in most people's minds that one suggests the other:

1- Paris is synonymous with elegance, luxury, style...and love.

2- In politics, power and popularity are rarely synonymous.

3- Champagne is synonymous with celebration.

Hint 123

مترادف / مرادف