Milady Esthetics Chapter 10

Front 1

what is skin histology

Back 1

the study of the structure and composition of the skin tissue.

Front 2

physiology

Back 2

the study of the functions of living organism

Front 3

integumentary system

Back 3

skin

Front 4

basic material and building blocks for our body's tissues

Back 4

proteins

Front 5

skin contains what fraction of the blood in the body?

Back 5

one-half to two-thirds

Front 6

the skin contains what fraction of the immunity cells of the body?

Back 6

one-half

Front 7

what is the pH of the acid mantle

Back 7

5.5

Front 8

what protects skin from external factors such as invasion by certain bacteria

Back 8

sebum

Front 9

acid mantle is made of

Back 9

protective barrier made up of sebum,lipids, sweat,and water.

Front 10

hydrolipidic film

Back 10

an oil-water balance that protects the skin surface.

Front 11

intercellular matrix

Back 11

lipid substances between corneum cells that protect the cells from water loss and irritation

Front 12

what are some problems due to damage of the barrier function

Back 12

sensitivity, aging, and dehydration

Front 13

hormone that stimulate skin cells to reproduce and heal

Back 13

epidermal growth factor; EGF

Front 14

fibroblasts

Back 14

cell stimulators. also it aids in production of collagen and elastin.

Front 15

how does the body maintain thermoregulation

Back 15

through evaporation, perspiration, and insulation

Front 16

how do we protect ourselves from the cold

Back 16

constriction of blood vessels and decreasing blood flow. plus fat layers help to insulate and keep warm.

Front 17

what are sweat gland openings

Back 17

pores

Front 18

what are follicles

Back 18

tube like depressions with oil glands attached to them. they may or may not have hair.

Front 19

sudoriferous glands

Back 19

sweat glands. excrete perspiration and detoxifies the body by excreting excess water, salt, and unwanted chemicals.

Front 20

sebum

Back 20

oily substance that protects the surface of the skin and lubricates both hair and skin.

Front 21

sebaceous glands

Back 21

also known as oil glands. they are appendages attached to follicles that produce sebum.

Front 22

outermost layer of the skin

Back 22

epidermis

Front 23

list skin layers from uppermost layer to basement layer

Back 23

stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum ,stratum spinosum, stratum germinativum

Front 24

keratinocytes

Back 24

composed of keratin and compose 95 percent of the epidermis.

Front 25

keratin

Back 25

a fibrous protein that provides resiliency and protection to the skin.

Front 26

which layer of skin is the esthetician primarily concerned

Back 26

stratum corneum

Front 27

outermost layer of epidermis

Back 27

stratum corneum, also known as horny layer

Front 28

corneocytes

Back 28

keratinocytes on the surface have hardened into corneocytes. these deaf protein cells have dried out and lack nuclei. these are the water proof protective cells.

Front 29

desquamation

Back 29

keratinocytes are continously asked from a process called desquamation.

Front 30

average adult turnover rate

Back 30

28 days. slows down with age

Front 31

what do we know about the keratinocytes in the stratum lucidum

Back 31

contain clear keratin.

Front 32

what do the cells in the stratum lucidum release

Back 32

lipids forming bilayers of oil and water.

Front 33

which layer gives us our unique finger prints

Back 33

stratum lucidum

Front 34

stratum granulosum

Back 34

granular layer. composed of cells that resemble granules and are filled with keratin.

Front 35

which layer does the production of keratin and intercellular lipids take place

Back 35

stratum granulosum

Front 36

explain where and how the structures that hold cells together are broke down

Back 36

in the stratum granulosum. enzymes dissolve the structures also called desmosomes. as they become keratinized they move up and replace cells shed from the stratum corneum.

Front 37

desmosomes

Back 37

keratin filaments; the protein bonds that create the junctions between the cells. these strengthen the epidermis and assist in intercellular communication.

Front 38

stratum spinosum

Back 38

spiny layer. cell apendages, which resemble prickly spines, become desmosomes. langerhans immune cells are also found here.

Front 39

protects the body from infection by identifying foreign materials or antigens.

Back 39

langerhans immune cells

Front 40

what is the largest layer of the epidermis

Back 40

stratum spinosum

Front 41

which layer do stem cells undergo continuous mitosis

Back 41

stratum germinativum

Front 42

describe where and how melanin is produced

Back 42

the stratum germinativum contain melanocytes which are cells that produce pigment granules in the basal layer. the pigment carrying granules are called melanosomes. these produce a complex protein melanin. one melanocyte will deposit pigment carrying melanosomes into about 30 keratinocytes through its dendrites.

Front 43

how does damage to DNA effect melanin?

Back 43

triggers melanocyte stimulating hormones to produce melanin.

Front 44

dendrites

Back 44

are the arms or cellular projections that branch out to interact with other cells in the extracellular matrix between cells.

Front 45

tyrosinase

Back 45

is the enzyme that stimulates melanocytes and this produces melanin.

Front 46

about how many melanocytes per square mm or one-eighth square inch.

Back 46

over 1000

Front 47

what accounts for the difference in in skin color

Back 47

every person has the same number of melanocytes, but different amounts of melanin activated in the skin and the way it is distributed.

Front 48

what are the two types of melanin

Back 48

pheomelanin; red to yellow. eumelanin; dark brown to black

Front 49

products that suppress melanin by interrupting biochemical processes are referred to as

Back 49

brightening agents. some are called tyrosinase inhibitors.

Front 50

what are some other names for dermis

Back 50

derma, cornium, cutis, or true skin.

Front 51

what is the support layer of connective tissues below the epidermis

Back 51

dermis

Front 52

the dermis is about how many times thicker than the epidermis

Back 52

25

Front 53

the dermis is primarily comprised of

Back 53

connective tissues made of collagen protein and elastin fibers.

Front 54

a protein substance of complex fibers that gives skin its strength and is necessary for wound healing

Back 54

collagen

Front 55

what produces collagen

Back 55

fibroblasts cells produce protein and aid in the production of collagen and elastin

Front 56

makes up 70 percent of the dermis

Back 56

collagen

Front 57

lymphocytes

Back 57

fight infection

Front 58

langerhans

Back 58

guard cells

Front 59

mast cells

Back 59

involved in allergic reactions

Front 60

leukocytes

Back 60

white blood cells to fight infection

Front 61

extracellular matrix

Back 61

in the dermis is a fluid called ground substance or extracellular matrix. it's composed of collagen, other proteins, and GAGs.

Front 62

hyaluronic acid

Back 62

is a GAG. glycosaminoglycans water binding protein substance found between the fibers of the dermis.