Milady Esthetics Chapter 5

Front 1

Who writes the laws estheticians must follow ?

Back 1

The laws are written by both federal and state legislatures .

Front 2

Who establishes the rules that estheticians must follow?

Back 2

State regulatory agencies write the rules. In Texas it is TDLR.

Front 3

What is the main difference between rules and laws?

Back 3

Rules and regulations are more specific than laws

Front 4

Estheticians must understand and remember the following 4 types of potentially harmful organisms:

Back 4

Bacteria , viruses, fungi, parasites

Front 5

True or false all infectious diseases are spread from one person to another person

Back 5

False infectious disease may or may not be spread from one person to another person

Front 6

What causes an infectious disease ?

Back 6

When a pathogenic organism enters the body

Front 7

Define cleaning

Back 7

A mechanical process using soap and water or detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, and many disease causing germs from tools, implements, and equipment

Front 8

Does the process of disinfection kill all harmful organisms ?

Back 8

The process of disinfection destroys most, but not all harmful organisms. It is not effective against bacterial spores

Front 9

Disinfectants used in salons, spas, and medical facilities must be

Back 9

Bacteriocidal, virucidal, and fungicidal

Front 10

Direct transmission is one cause of disease, describe it

Back 10

Transmission of blood or body fluids through touching, kissing, coughing, sneezing, and talking

Front 11

One cause of disease is indirect transmission, describe it

Back 11

Transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object such as a razor, extractor, nipper, or an environmental surface

Front 12

Which harmful organism is capable of replication only through taking over the host cells reproductive function ?

Back 12

A virus

Front 13

This form of microorganism generally consists of an outer cell wall that contains liquid called protoplasm. It can manufacture its own food through what it absorbs from the surrounding environment. It gives off waste products, grows, and reproduces. Name it

Back 13

Bacteria

Front 14

Bacteria multiply best in what conditions

Back 14

They multiply best in warm, dark, damp, or dirty places

Front 15

Describe the active stage of bacterial growth

Back 15

When conditions are favorable, bacteria grow and reproduce. When they reach their largest size they divide into two new cells. This division is called binary fission. The cells that are formed are called daughter cells.

Front 16

In favorable conditions about how long for bacteria to reproduce

Back 16

Depending on the bacteria they reproduce about every 20 to 60 minutes

Front 17

What do bacteria do when conditions become unfavorable?

Back 17

They either die or become inactive

Front 18

Describe inactive or spore forming stage of bacteria

Back 18

Certain bacteria, such as anthrax in Tetanus bacilli, coat themselves with a wax like outer shell. They are then able to withstand long periods of famine , dryness, and unsuitable temperatures. In this stage, spores can be blown about and are not harmed by disinfectants, heat, or cold. They change back to the active form when conditions become favorable.

Front 19

The presence of pus is a sign of

Back 19

A bacterial infection

Front 20

Staphylococci is a common bacteria that is carried by what part of the population

Back 20

About 33% or one third of the population

Front 21

Describe how someone can get staph infection

Back 21

Staph bacteria can be picked up on doorknobs, countertops, and other surfaces but in salons, spas, medical facility, they are more frequently spread through skin to skin contact such as shaking hands or through the use of unclean tools or implements

Front 22

Name some conditions staph bacteria is responsible for

Back 22

Food poisoning, toxic shock syndrome, and mrsa

Front 23

Communicable disease

Back 23

When a disease spread from one person to another

Front 24

The most common way to spread infection is through?

Back 24

Dirty hands, especially under the fingernails in the web between the fingers

Front 25

What is a virus?

Back 25

It is a parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and reside in cells of a biological organism. It is capable of replication only through taking over the host cells reproductive function

Front 26

What are bloodborne pathogens?

Back 26

Disease causing microorganisms that are carried in the blood by blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV

Front 27

What is the human papilloma virus?

Back 27

It is often seen in salons, spas and medical facility. This virus can in fact the bottom of the foot and resembles small black dots abbreviated HPV is also known as plantar warts

Front 28

Describe some differences between thr hiv virus and the hepatitis virus.

Back 28

though hepatitis is difficult to contract it is easier than HIV. Hepatitis can be present in all body fluid of those for infected. Also hepatitis can live on a surface outside the body for long periods of time. Hepatitis B is the most difficult to kill on a surface

Front 29

What is another term for human immunodeficiency virus

Back 29

HIV

Front 30

What is a virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome or AIDS?

Back 30

Human immunodeficiency virus HIV.

Front 31

A person can be infected with hiv for many years without having symptoms, but testing can determine whether a person is infected with in how many months after exposure to the virus?

Back 31

Within 6 months

Front 32

What are fungi ?

Back 32

Microscopic plant parasites that includes mold mildew and yeast. they can produce contagious diseases such as ringworm

Front 33

Is mildew a threat in a salon? explain.

Back 33

No, mildew or grows on plants or inanimate objects, but does not cause human infection in the salon.

Front 34

Fungi is also called a vegetable parasite they are able to obtain nourishment from what

Back 34

They can obtain nourishment from dead organic matter or from living organisms

Front 35

Are most fungal infection pathogenic or non pathogenic?

Back 35

Most fungi are nonpathogenic and make up many of the body's normal flora

Front 36

Why do fungal infection usually affect the skin?

Back 36

They live off the keratin, a protein that makes up the skin.

Front 37

The most basic cause of fungal infections are?

Back 37

Dermatophytosis the fungi that causes skin nail and hair infections

Front 38

What is tinea pedis

Back 38

A ringworm fungus of the foot or athlete's foot .

Front 39

What are some other names for folliculitis? Describe it

Back 39

It is also known as folliculitis barbae, sycosis barbae or barber's itch. It is an inflammation of the hair follicle caused by bacterial infection from. ingrown hair due to shaving or other epilation method. It is usually Limited to the bearded areas of the face and neck or around the scalp.

Front 40

Give some information about tinea versicolor.

Back 40

Also known as sun spots - it is a fungal infection brought about by yeast - is characterized by white or varicolored patches on the skin - they're often found on the arms and legs

Front 41

Pathogenic bacteria, viruses or fungi can enter the body through?

Back 41

broken or inflamed skin, mouth, nose, the eyes or ears, unprotected sex

Front 42

Name some ways the body prevents and controls infection

Back 42

Healthy unbroken skin, the body first line of defense. body secretions, such as perspiration and digestive juices. white blood cells that destroy bacteria. Antitoxins that counteract the toxins.

Front 43

What are parasites?

Back 43

Organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or in another organism refer to the host, without contributing anything to the survival of that organism.

Front 44

Give some information about head lice.

Back 44

A type of parasite responsible for contagious diseases and conditions. one condition caused by an infestation of head lice is called pediculosis capitis.

Front 45

What is scabies?

Back 45

It is a contagious skin disease and is caused by the itch mite which burrows under the skin

Front 46

Name the two types of immunity and describe each.

Back 46

Natural immunity is a partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living. Acquired immunity is immunity that the body develops after overcoming a disease, through inoculation, or through exposure to natural allergens such as pollen, cat dander, and ragweed

Front 47

What is decontamination?

Back 47

It is the removal of blood or other potentially infectious material on an item's surface and the removal of visible debris or residue such as dust, hair, and skin

Front 48

What are the two methods of decontamination?

Back 48

Decontamination method 1:cleaning and then disinfecting with an appropriate EPA registered disinfectant.
Decontamination method 2: cleaning and then sterilizing

Front 49

An autoclave uses what method to sterilize

Back 49

It destroyed all microbes through heat and pressure

Front 50

Why is cleaning an important part of disinfecting tools and equipment?

Back 50

The vast majority of contaminant pathogens can be removed from the surfaces of tools and implements through proper cleaning. A surface must be properly cleaned before it can be properly disinfectant

Front 51

Does putting antiseptic on your skin or washing your hands with soap and water properly clean them? explain.

Back 51

No, though it will drastically lower the number of pathogens on your hand. To properly clean the hands requires rubbing hands together and using liquid soap, warm running water, a nail brush, and a clean towel.

Front 52

Name 1 way to clean your tools or implements.

Back 52

Washing with soap and warm water,then scrubbing them with a clean and properly disinfected nail brush.

Front 53

Why are dry heat sterilization methods not recommended for use in salons or false

Back 53

They are less efficient and take longer times at higher temperatures.

Front 54

Why is an autoclave not reaching the intended temperature a concern

Back 54

If it does not reach the intended temperature for killing microorganisms you may create a warm, moist place where pathogenic organisms can grow and thrive

Front 55

Disinfectant must have efficacy claims on the label. What does this tell us?

Back 55

The effectiveness with which a disinfectant solution kills organisms when used according to the label instructions

Front 56

List 10 characteristics of an ideal disinfectant.

Back 56

1 maintain efficacy in the present of bioburden . 2 require that it be changed after a longer length of time- at least a week or more not daily. 3 be inexpensive. 4 be non toxic and non irritating. 5 include strip for checking effectiveness . 6 be readily available from multiple manufacturers. 7 be EPA approved. 8 be environmentally friendly - can be disposed down the salon drain. 9 have no odor. 10 be non corrosive.

Front 57

How should a salon tool that has contacted blood be treated?

Back 57

They should be properly cleaned and then completely immersed in an EPA registered hospital disinfectant solution that shows effectiveness against HIV, hepatitis, and tuberculosis, for 10 minutes or for the time recommended by the manufacturer . Or they can be immersed in a 10% bleach solution.

Front 58

For a household bleach to be effective as a disinfectant requires what?

Back 58

To be effective, the bleach must have an EPA registration number and contain least 5% sodium hypochlorite and be diluted properly to a ten percent solution ie 9 parts water to 1 part bleac.

Front 59

Give 8 disinfectant tips.

Back 59

1 use only on precleaned, hard, non-porous surfaces. 2 always wear gloves and safety glasses when handling disinfectant solutions. 3 always dilute products according to the instructions on the product label. 4 item must remain submerged in the disinfectant for 10 minutes unless the product label specifies differently. 5 to disinfect large surfaces such as table tops, carefully apply the disinfectant onto the precleaned surface and allow it to remain wet for 10 minutes unless the product label specifies differently. 6 if the product label states complete immersion the entire implement must be completely immersed in the solution. 7 change the disinfectant according to instructions on the label. If the liquid is not changed as instructed it will no longer be effective and may begin to promote the growth of micro. 8 for spas proper disinfectant of a whirlpool pedicure spa requires that the disinfecting solution circulate for 10 minutes or less product label specifies otherwise.

Front 60

What are quats?

Back 60

Quaternary ammonium compound they are disinfectants.

Front 61

What are multiple quats?

Back 61

Multiple quats contain sophisticated blends of quats that work together to dramatically increase the effectiveness of these disinfectants.

Front 62

What are the phenolic disinfectants?

Back 62

A powerful tuberculocidal disinfectant. They are form of formaldehyde, have a very high pH and can damage the skin and eyes. Phenolic disinfectants can be harmful to the environment if put down the drain. They have been used reliably over the years to disinfect salon tools; however they do have drawbacks.

Front 63

What are some drawbacks of phenol disinfectants?

Back 63

They can damage plastic and rubber and can even cause certain metals to rust. They should never be used to disinfect pedicure tubs or equipment. They are known carcinogens

Front 64

Describe bleaches used in the salon

Back 64

Household bleach 5.25% sodium hypochlorite is an effective disinfectant and has been used in the salon. It can be corrosive to metals and plastics and can cause skin irritation in eye damage. Bleach can be irritating to the lungs, so be careful about inhaling the fumes.

Front 65

Give 9 safety tips for handling disinfectants

Back 65

1 keep an MSDS on hand for the disinfectant you use. 2 wear gloves and safety glasses when mixing. 3 avoid skin and eye contact. 4 add disinfectant to water when diluting to prevent incorrect mixing ratio. 5 use tongs, gloves, or draining basket to remove implements. 6 keep out of reach of children. 7 carefully measure and use products according to label. 8 follow manufacturer's instructions for mixing, using, and disposing. 9 carefully follow manufacturer's directions for when to replace the solution to ensure healthiest conditions for you and your client. Replace the disinfectant solution every day or more often if solution becomes soiled or contaminated.

Front 66

What are two things you should never do with disinfectants?

Back 66

1 you should never allow quats, phenol, bleach, or other disinfectants to come in contact with your skin. If you do, wash the area with liquid soap and warm water and pat the area dry.

Front 67

Describe a multi use item

Back 67

Also known as a reusable item. They can be used on more than one person even if the item is accidentally exposed to blood or body fluids

Front 68

What do you do if a porous item contact broken skin, blood, body fluid or any unhealthy skin or nails?

Back 68

It must be discarded immediately. Do not try to disinfect the item. If you're not sure throw it out

Front 69

Cross contamination

Back 69

Cross contamination occurs when you touch an object such as a skin without cleaning your hands and then touch an object or product with the same hand or utensil. You must use properly disinfected tools, you must never touch clean items with hands that's been exposed to the client skin

Front 70

Why do you need to keep items covered ?

Back 70

Any disinfected item it has been touched or exposed air is contaminated.

Front 71

Give the 10 step for asceptic procedure.

Back 71

1 wash your hands using proper methods. 2 lay out on a clean towel all implement you will use during the treatment. 3 cover with another clean towel until you're ready to start the treatment. This is both more efficient and prevent cross contamination. 4 want you have begun a treatment, never open any package or container or touch a product without a spatula or tongue. Touching any object with gloved hands the client will contaminate at object. Any object touched during treatment must be discarded disinfected were sterilized . 5 use clean towels, sheets, headband or plastic cap, and gown for each client. Sex wash your hands after touching a clients hair. 7 put on gloves at the beginning of the treatment or wear them throughout. 8 remove cream and products using pumps squeeze bottles with dispenser cap, or disinfected spatulas it is best to remove products before the treatment. 9 after the treatment fold linens in towards their center and place them in laundry receptacle. Throw away disposable item. Place sharps in a sharps box. Disinfect or sterilize all items to be reused discard any unused product. 10 wipe down all surfaces during treatment with a disinfectant

Front 72

Chelating soaps

Back 72

Also known as chelating detergent. They work to break down stubborn film and remove the residue of products such as scrubs, salt, and mask .

Front 73

What does it mean when a product says sanitizer?

Back 73

They are a cleaner

Front 74

Can you use an additive, powder, or tablet to eliminate the need to clean and disinfect?

Back 74

No, products of this type cannot be used instead of epa registered liquid disinfecting solution.

Front 75

should you try to use anti microbial or antibacterial soap when you can?

Back 75

No, they are not any more effective than regular soap. It is trying to the skin.

Front 76

What are antiseptics?

Back 76

They are germicides formulated for the use on skin and are registered and regulated by the Food and Drug Administration. They contain either alcohol or benzalkonium choline. Alcohol solutions containing 60% to 95% alcohol are most effective. They are ineffective for disinfecting instruments or other surfaces.

Front 77

Body substance isolation or BSI.

Back 77

Personal protective equipment ie PPE is to be worn for all contact with Body fluid even if blood is not visible

Front 78

Guideline for hand hygiene

Back 78

Unless hands are visibly soiled, alcohol product are more effective in removing germs than soap and water.

Front 79

Briefly describe standard precautions

Back 79

You must assume that all blood and body fluids are potential sources of infection. Workers are expected to use standard precautions to protect themselves and others

Front 80

What bodily fluids do standard precautions apply to

Back 80

Blood, all body fluid, all secretions except sweat, excretions, mucous membranes, nonintact or broken skin, breast milk

Front 81

Bioburden

Back 81

The number of viable organisms in or on an object or surface or the organic material on a surface of an object before decontamination or sterilization.

Front 82

What is a 3rd degree burn

Back 82

This burn affects all layers of the skin and will blister, swell, and scar

Front 83

List some of your professional responsibilities

Back 83

1 to follow state federal laws and rules. 2 Keep your license current and notify the licensing agency if you move or change your name. 3 check your state's website weekly for any changes or updates to rules and regulations

Front 84

How often should AHP disinfectant be changed?

Back 84

Every 14 day