Classics 2300 Pictures And Passages

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Diadoumenos

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"That wrestling and the Pancrationwere invented for their utility in war is proved in the first place by the feat of arms atMarathon whichwas so performed by Athenians that it seemed like a wrestling match."

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Philostratus’Gymnasticus

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Nike at the Winged Victory of Samothrace 190 BCE

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The punishment of Prometheus; Zeus makes an eagle eat his liver forever

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New York Kouros, Attic Greece 590-580 BCE

(Grave marker)

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Kroisos Kouros, 540-515 BCE

"Stop and show pity beside the marker of Kroisos, dead, whom once in battle's front rank raging Ares destroyed"

(Grave marker)

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Apollo Kouros, Pireus 530 BCE

(Cult images of the gods)

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Riace Bronze, "Riace A"

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Riace Bronze, "Riace B"

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Doryphoros

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Chariot Race at the Funeral Games of Patroclus

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“As I see it, stranger, you’re nogood at sports like a real man. You remind me of a master peddling sailor, onewho trades from port to port with thoughts for nothing but cargoes and loadsand especially for profits. You’re no athlete.”

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Odyssey Book 8; Odysseus turns down the

invitation to compete at the Phaeacians game's

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Chariot Race of Pelops with Hippodameia

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Votive figurines found in the black ash layer near the Temple of Hera

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Bronze Tripod, Olympia 900 BCE

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Ash Altar of Zeus, burnt offering w/smoke rising up.

Olympian form of sacrifice.

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Pelopeion, blood sacrifice to Pelops w/blood dripping down into the ground.

Chthonic form of sacrifice.

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Temple of Hera, Olympia 650 BCE

Built upon a black ash layer, was ritually

destructed and rebuilt.

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The Statue of zeus made by Pheidias and the Temple of Zeus built around 470 BCE

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East Pediment of the Temple of Zeus, depicts the Chariot race between Pelops and Oinomaos

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West Pediment of the Temple of Zeus, depicts Perithous attacking the Centaurs after the

centaurs try abducting the wives of the Lapiths

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Metopes of the Temple of Zeus, depict the many labours of Heracles

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Nemean Lion, one of the labours of Heracles. This was a labour of Force (Biê)

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Stables of Augeas, one of the labours of Heracles (cleaning up the dung).

This was a labour of Skill (Mêtis)

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Apples of Hesperides, one of the labours of

Heracles.

Heracles uses deception to trick Atlas.

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"When the Eleansmade sacrifices, as their law requires, the sacrificial offerings were laidready on the altar, but the fire was not yet applied. The runners were placed astade(200m) from the altar, before which a priest as judge, stood with a torch. Thewinner kindled the offering and went forth as Olympic victor."

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Philostratus, Ch5

Describes the ritual origins of running, which

began around 776BCE

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"They ran by these springs, pursuer and pursued-A great man out in front, a far greater behind-And they ran all out. This was not a race For such a prize as athletes compete for, Anoxhide or animal for sacrifice, but a race for the soul (psyche) of Hector, breaker of horses."

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Homer's Iliad: Achilles pursues Hector (avenges the death of Patroclus)

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Diaulos Runner, 550 BCE

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Dolichos Runners, 333 BCE

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Hoplitodromos Runners, 540 BCE

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Panathenaic Amphora, 530 BCE

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Towney Discobolus vs Lancelotti Discobolus

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Haltere, a dedication for victory in the Pentathlon.

This one was dedicated by Akmatidas of Sparta, 550 BCE

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Depicts the Javelin throw/Akon, 470 BCE

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Gold Ring with Imageof Zeus HorkiosWith altar and sacrificial pig

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Zanes: First groupmade in 388 BCE and second group in322 BCE

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Reconstruction of Olympic Victor Table

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Themis, precursor of Pythia; sitting on a tripod

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Tripodcorpus is smaller and less well preserved than at Olympia. Eventually stopped in Olympia (not Panhellenic), but continued in Delphi

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Roman Relief of Theseus discoveringThe tokens of his father Aigeus

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Sciron, Labors of Theseus

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Sinis, Labors of Theseus

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Labors of Theseus, 430 - 440 BCE

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Bronze Opheletes, from Nemea; Hellenistic Period

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Temple of Nemean Zeus: Old Temple 573-415 BCENew Temple built around ca 330 BCE

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Apodyterionconnected to tunnel that leads to the Stadium, where athletes would undress to prepare for competitions

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Tunnel at Nemea

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Aerial view of Hellenistic Stadium

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Moschophoros, 560 BCE“cow carrier”

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Offering Box forTheagenes

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Boxers Fresco, Akrotiri,Thera (Santorini) 16th century BCE

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Didaskalos – Teacher

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Paidotribês – PhysicalTrainer

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Kitharistes – KitharaPlayer/Instructor

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Sacrifice at Herm

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Footraces-36% of extant PanathenaicAmphoras

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Chariot Racing

1/3 of extant Panathenaic Amphoras

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Achilles Apobates – Boston Hydria, Attic BlackFigure

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Marble Relief depicting PyrrhicDance,Athens, 4th Century

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Eunadria

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Panathenaic Torch Race

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“There are unpleasantdifficult things in life. But don’t they happen at Olympia? Don’t you sufferfrom the heat? Aren’t you cramped for space? Don’t you bathe badly? Don’t youget soaked whenever it rains? Don’t you get your fill of noise and shouting andother annoyances? But I suspect you compare all this to the value of the showand endure it.”

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Epictetus, Disc. 1.626-28;Miller Arete #146

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“The Olympic “judge ofGreece” has to examine the boy athlete on the following points: whether he hasa tribe and a native land, a father and a family, whether he belongs to thefree citizens and is not a bastard, and finally, whether he is young and notpast boyhood.”

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Philostratus, Gymnasticus25

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“Of all the images of Zeus,the Zeus in the Bouleuterion is the one most likely to strike terror into thehearts of sinners. This Zeus…holds a thunderbolt in each hand. Beside thisstatue it is established for athletes, their fathers and brothers, and theirtrainers to swear an oath on slices of the flesh of wild boars that they willdo nothing evil against the Olympic Games.”

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Pausanias 5.24.9, MillerArete # 90

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"An Athenian named Cylon, anOlympic victor, of good birth and an able man. He married the daughter of Theagenesof Megara, tyrant of Megara. When Cylon inquired of the Delphic oracle, theoracle told him to seize the Acropolis during the “greatest festival of Zeus.”He thought that the games must be the “greatest festival of Zeus” and that thefact that he had won at those games would be to his advantage"

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Thucydides 1.125:

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"But Theseus had longsince been secretly fired by the glory of Hercules, held him in the highestestimation, and was never more satisfied than in listening to any that gave anaccount of him; especially those that had seen him or had been present at anyaction or saying of his. Theseus entertained such admiration for the virtue ofHercules, that in the night his dreams were all of that hero's actions, and inthe day a continual emulation stirred him up to perform the like. Besides, theywere related as second cousins."

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Plutarch, Life ofTheseus

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For Herodotusof Thebes, Winner of Chariot Race in Isthmian Games.

UniqueVictory: Owner was also the Charioteer-“But it isfor Herodotus that I fashion a gift of honor, for his four horsed chariot, andfor his handling of its reins with his own hands.”

Thebes =Mother city of Pindar.

Presentsthe external conditions of his creating poetry as “work”

“I shall judge your demands even above my want(lack) of leisure.”

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Pindar, Isthmian 1

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"He also instituted thegames here, in emulation of Heracles, being ambitious because the Hellenes, bythat hero's appointment, celebrated Olympian games in honour of Zeus, so by hisown appointment they should celebrate Isthmian games in honour of Poseidon. Forthe games already instituted there in honour of Melicertes were celebrated inthe night, and had the form of a religious rite rather than of a spectacle andpublic assembly. But some say that the Isthmian games were instituted in memoryof Sciron, and that Theseus thus made expiation for his murder, because of therelationship between them; for Sciron was a son of Canethus and Henioche, whowas the daughter of Pittheus. And others have it that Sinis, not Sciron,was their son, and that it was in his honour rather that the games wereinstituted by Theseus."

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Plutarch, Life of Theseus