Classics 2300 Midterm One

Front 1

Back 1

Diadoumenos

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"That wrestling and the Pancrationwere invented for their utility in war is proved in the first place by the feat of arms atMarathon whichwas so performed by Athenians that it seemed like a wrestling match."

Back 2

Philostratus’Gymnasticus

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Marathon

Back 3

A battle between the Athenians and the Persians

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Arete

Back 4

Courage and physical excellence

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Polytheistic Anthropomorphism

Back 5

Many gods in human form

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Theogony

Back 6

Written by Hesiod, about the Birth of Gods,

the Titanomachy, and how Zeus comes to power

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Those who help Zeus

Back 7

Children of Styx: Nikê, Kratos (Strength), Biê (Force), Zelos (Jealousy)

Hundred Handers

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Challengers to Zeus

Back 8

Kronos (Father of Zeus)

The Titans (Atlas and Prometheus)

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Back 9

Nike at the Winged Victory of Samothrace 190 BCE

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Back 10

The punishment of Prometheus; Zeus makes an eagle eat his liver forever

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Biė

Back 11

Force

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Mêtis

Back 12

Deception

Front 13

Typhoeus

Back 13

Non-Anthropomorphic

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Psychê

Back 14

Soul, but not person (shadow/shade)

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Nectar and Ambrosia

Back 15

Food of the gods, makes them immortal

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Agalmata

Back 16

"Delights" for the gods, generally statues

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Korê

Back 17

Large, generic female statues; usually grave markers; Nikandrê Korê

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Kouros

Back 18

Large scale image of male youth. Example: Kroisos Kouros - A grave marker

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Riace Bronzes

Back 19

Hyperreal statues, constraposto position/illiac furrow, aka "sex lines"

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Polycleitus

Back 20

Made impossibly symmetrical statues:

Diadoumenos and Doryphoros statues

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Euandria

Back 21

"Good Manliness" - Male Beauty and Strength Contests

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Back 22

New York Kouros, Attic Greece 590-580 BCE

(Grave marker)

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Back 23

Kroisos Kouros, 540-515 BCE

"Stop and show pity beside the marker of Kroisos, dead, whom once in battle's front rank raging Ares destroyed"

(Grave marker)

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Back 24

Apollo Kouros, Pireus 530 BCE

(Cult images of the gods)

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Back 25

Riace Bronze, "Riace A"

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Back 26

Riace Bronze, "Riace B"

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Back 27

Doryphoros

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Iliad

Back 28

Written by Homer, about the battle of Troy and the quarrel between King Agamemnon and Achilles

Front 29

Chariot Race at the Funeral Games of Patroclus

Back 29

From the Iliad:

Nestor's speech to Antilochos was to use a plan (metis). Antilochus comes second and threatens that he will get cholos (anger) if his prize is taken away.

Front 30

Ajax vs Odysseus at the Funeral Games of Patroclus

Back 30

From the Iliad:

Ajax and Odysseus represent Biê vs Metis, in a wrestling match that is eventually called a tie by Achilles. As they run toward their prizes, Athena trips Ajax, humiliating him

Front 31

Spear Throw at the Funeral Games of Patroclus

Back 31

Achilles gives Agamemnon the victory without him competing; showing that the leader gets the best rewards for doing nothing

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Back 32

Chariot Race at the Funeral Games of Patroclus

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Geras

Back 33

Prize/Slave wife

Front 34

Aethlon

Back 34

Prize

Front 35

Cholos

Back 35

Anger at being deprived of a prize

Front 36

“As I see it, stranger, you’re nogood at sports like a real man. You remind me of a master peddling sailor, onewho trades from port to port with thoughts for nothing but cargoes and loadsand especially for profits. You’re no athlete.”

Back 36

Odyssey Book 8; Odysseus turns down the

invitation to compete at the Phaeacians game's

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Epinician Poetry

Back 37

Poetry sang in praise of a victor

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Pindar

Back 38

Wrote Epinician poetry

Front 39

Aristocratic vs Civic Ideology

Back 39

Statue vs Song; the aristocrat is crowned, whilst the regulars (eg. Pindar) do the crowning by singing songs

Front 40

Olympian 1

Back 40

A song of Praise for Hieron, Tyrant of Syracuse (Sicily) written by Pindar. Commemorates the

victory at the horse race in 476 BCE

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Tantalus

Back 41

From Olympian 1:

Half-mortal son of Zeus is allowed to feast with the gods, but tries to feed them his son/steal from them and feed his neighbours. He is

punished in the underworld.

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Pelops

Back 42

Wants to win Oinomaos's daughter, Hippodameia's hand by chariot race. He bribes the charioteer, Myrtilus with power and sex with the bride, but ends up killing him after winning.

Myrtilus curses Pelops and his offspring.

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Back 43

Chariot Race of Pelops with Hippodameia

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Back 44

Votive figurines found in the black ash layer near the Temple of Hera

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Back 45

Bronze Tripod, Olympia 900 BCE

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Back 46

Ash Altar of Zeus, burnt offering w/smoke rising up.

Olympian form of sacrifice.

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Back 47

Pelopeion, blood sacrifice to Pelops w/blood dripping down into the ground.

Chthonic form of sacrifice.

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Back 48

Temple of Hera, Olympia 650 BCE

Built upon a black ash layer, was ritually

destructed and rebuilt.

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Back 49

The Statue of zeus made by Pheidias and the Temple of Zeus built around 470 BCE

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Back 50

East Pediment of the Temple of Zeus, depicts the Chariot race between Pelops and Oinomaos

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Back 51

West Pediment of the Temple of Zeus, depicts Perithous attacking the Centaurs after the

centaurs try abducting the wives of the Lapiths

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Back 52

Metopes of the Temple of Zeus, depict the many labours of Heracles

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Back 53

Nemean Lion, one of the labours of Heracles. This was a labour of Force (Biê)

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Back 54

Stables of Augeas, one of the labours of Heracles (cleaning up the dung).

This was a labour of Skill (Mêtis)

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Back 55

Apples of Hesperides, one of the labours of

Heracles.

Heracles uses deception to trick Atlas.

Front 56

"When the Eleansmade sacrifices, as their law requires, the sacrificial offerings were laidready on the altar, but the fire was not yet applied. The runners were placed astade(200m) from the altar, before which a priest as judge, stood with a torch. Thewinner kindled the offering and went forth as Olympic victor."

Back 56

Philostratus, Ch5

Describes the ritual origins of running, which

began around 776BCE

Front 57

"They ran by these springs, pursuer and pursued-A great man out in front, a far greater behind-And they ran all out. This was not a race For such a prize as athletes compete for, Anoxhide or animal for sacrifice, but a race for the soul (psyche) of Hector, breaker of horses."

Back 57

Homer's Iliad: Achilles pursues Hector (avenges the death of Patroclus)

Front 58

Diaulos

Back 58

Double Stade, 724 BCE

Running from and returning to the Altar

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Dolichos

Back 59

Distance Race, 720 BCE

Training for war, running as couriers

Front 60

Robert Browning

Back 60

A poet who wrote Pheidippides describing the myth of Pheidippides running from Marathon to Athens and dying, combing two stories: the run of Pheidippides (Herodotus) and the run of either Thersippus or Eucles (Plutarch)

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Hoplitodromos

Back 61

Race in amor, double stade, 520 BCE

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Balbis

Back 62

Starting line

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Hysplex

Back 63

Launch pad at starting line similar to modern track and field

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Back 64

Diaulos Runner, 550 BCE

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Back 65

Dolichos Runners, 333 BCE

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Back 66

Hoplitodromos Runners, 540 BCE

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Back 67

Panathenaic Amphora, 530 BCE

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The Stadion

Back 68

180-200m, first and only event at the olympics

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Wrestling

Back 69

708 BCE

Systasis: starting position

Skamma: dirt pit

Triakter: "thricer", the victor in wrestling

Akoniti: dustless victory

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Boxing 688 BCE

Back 70

Himantes: leather straps for gloves

Oxys: thicker, harder, straps for more bloodshed

Spartans don't box

Kreguas vs Damoxenos: Kreugas dies and wins

Diagoras of Rhodes: boxing victor, 464 BCE

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Pan-Kration

Back 71

648 BCE, two rules; no biting, no eye gouging.

Arrichion: Pankratist who died for the sake of

victory (Philostratus)

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Pentathlon

Back 72

708 BCE, 5 events: Stadion, wrestling, jumping (halma), javelin (akon), diskos/discus

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Aristotle

Back 73

Described the Pentathlete as the most beautiful and great in both strength and speed

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Long jump/Halma

Back 74

Use of jumping weights called halteres, longest jump was 50 feet

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Javelin/Akon

Back 75

1.9M long, bronze tip, used leather strap to increase distance

Front 76

Antiphon, Tetralogy

Back 76

Trial for accidental death from javelin

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Back 77

Towney Discobolus vs Lancelotti Discobolus

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Back 78

Haltere, a dedication for victory in the Pentathlon.

This one was dedicated by Akmatidas of Sparta, 550 BCE

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Back 79

Depicts the Javelin throw/Akon, 470 BCE

Front 80

Tethrippon

Back 80

4 Horse Chariot Race, 680 BCE

12 laps around the Hippodrome

Turning post: kampter, nyssa

Front 81

Keles

Back 81

Horse back race, 648 BCE

Front 82

Synoris

Back 82

2 horse race, 408 BCE

Front 83

Apene

Back 83

Mule cart race, 500 BCE

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Kalpe

Back 84

Ride and run, 500 BCE

Front 85

Isokrates

Back 85

"Team of Horses", Alcibiades entered 7 chariots in races

Front 86

Kyniska

Back 86

First female victor at Olympia (horse races),

sister of the king of Sparta

Front 87

Aristophanes

Back 87

Clouds, 423 BCE

Strepisades is in debt because of his sons horse racing and turns to Socrates to help him argue out of his debt