Ventilator-associated pneumonia

1.4.9 Kinetics and metabolism Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons are lipophilic compounds that are readily absorbed from the lungs following inhalation, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract following ingestion and the skin following dermal exposure (ASTDR, 1995). In humans, it was reported that B(a)P measured in the lungs following inhalation of soot particles was much lower than expected. This may be due to the ability of the pulmonary epithelial cells to metabolise B(a)P thereby facilitating its…

Classic Rapid Sequence Induction is considered fundamental to the provision of safe anesthesia according to Englehardt, 2014. Rapid Sequence Induction is an essential advanced airway technique used to reduce the possibility of pulmonary aspiration in high-risk patients. These high-risk patients can include pregnant patients, trauma patients, and other situations that are considered “full stomach” (Gencorelli, Fields, & Litman, 2010). Rapid Sequence Induction involves pre-oxygenation,…

Asthma is categorized to be a chronic reversible inflammation of the airway structures (Lee and Schwartz, 2002), which contributes to the airway hypersensitivity, limitation of airflow, and respiratory symptoms (National Institute of Heath, 2007). The immunehistopathologic characteristics involve the inflammatory cell infiltrations that include: Mast cell activation, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, and Epithelial cell injury. Hence, the interaction between the airway inflammations and the clinical…

and is no longer able to hyperventilate enough to meet the increased oxygen demand. A large amount of yellow or green sputum is produced by the bronchial mucosa in an asthma attack. It tends to be thick and obstructive due to its volume and the associated bronchoconstriction and dehydration. Inflammation is responsible for mucosal edema, which may be due to infection, a common precipitator of the…

Formal Care Plan: Pneumonia Biographical Data The patient is a 78 year old Hispanic female. She was born in Houston, Texas. She is married and has 2 children and is a retired school teacher. Present Health-Illness Status She was admitted into the hospital from the emergency room with pneumonia. The patient states she drove herself to the emergency room because she was feeling very sick and short of breath. She states she had been feeling like this for the past 3 days. She finally decided to…

The Cause and Effect of Mutations on the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Gene and How it Affects Lung Functions in an Individual Sterling Wood Biology 2458 Section 005, Pankaj B.C., October 11, 2015 Introduction Many people do not realize all the different factors that are a necessity when it comes to just breathing. The air we breathe is filled with many different particles and bacteria that could cause major problems if they were to reach the alveoli. With that being said,…

job and it sounds like the room was underventilated with an air conditioning vent directed into the office. She noticed that during that time, she started having a dry cough that was explosive in nature, often with talking and there was also some associated shortness of breath and wheeze. She was also noticing that she was taking her Ventolin once to twice per day with only temporary resolution of her symptoms. Outside of work, she than noticed the re-emergence of asthma symptoms at night and…

system, mainly the lungs. The airways to the lungs become inflamed which cause narrowing of the airways. When the airways become narrow or obstructed the air is not able to pass into and out of the lungs. This is what causes the breathing issues associated with asthma. When discussing asthma, one must consider triggers such as allergens or irritants. The triggers to asthma symptoms vary among people. The irritants include but are not limited to exercise, windy weather, cold air, and…

Introduction Sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia are all caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, a gram positive pathogen. The majority of fatalities caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae are in children under five years and adults over sixty-five years. Unlike many other pathogens, Streptococcus pneumoniae is prevalent in both well- and under-developed countries. Antibiotics and vaccines are constantly being developed to combat Streptococcus pneumoniae, as new strains evolve and resistance increases.…

Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic disease that is incurable, but can be helped with treatment, and can last for a few years upto a lifetime. Its symptoms include coughing, lung infections, inability to gain weight, and fatty stools. It can cause pain in the abdomen, induce diarrhea or constipation, cause slowed growth, fatigue, and much more. Treatment is very hard to conduct as the disease varies in severity from person to person, but some common measures, such as airway cleaning, inhaling medicines…