Ventral tegmental area

In order for these neurons to function properly, there must be a balance of chemical messengers, otherwise known as neurotransmitters. The predominant neurotransmitter in the reward system is dopamine because of its association with and direct effect on the reward system. The probability of a drug or behavior becoming addictive depends on the speed and intensity of the release of dopamine into the reward system (Juarez et al. 2016). Most drugs of abuse increase the activity of dopamine by interacting with dopamine synapses branching to the nucleas accumbens, or indirectly by regulating the activity of neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area (Purves et al. 2012). Other drugs have a direct affect on the nucleas accumbens neurons to increase their responses to input (Purves et al. 2012). Drugs stimulate dopamine at a much higher amount than natural stimuli do; so, if there is only occasional use of a drug, the brain is able to correct itself and restore to proper balance once the drug is worn off (Juarez et al. 2016). However, if there is excessive drug use, the brain then increases its tolerance to the drug. This makes the reward system much less efficient because in order to achieve that same high, an ample amount of drugs must be taken (Gardner 2011). In severe cases, the drugs are not used for achieving a “high”, but rather to reach a normal state because the body…

This reward circuit involves pathways from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex. All drugs of abuse activate this system either directly or indirectly increasing the level of dopamine, although it is also widely recognized that other neurotransmitters, such as opiate peptides, play a role in the experience of drug reward and may be important in mediating the experience of pleasure or liking in response to a rewarding stimulus. (qtd in Durrant, et…

interferes with the brains regulation of sending, receiving, and processing information. Since these compulsions stimulate the circuit board of the brain it will remember these actions, and repeat them again without even thinking about it. A brain disease can occur if the brain is damaged or injured. These injuries can result from disease, or other health issues. The symptoms vary depending on the cause of condition in which the brain is in. It could be from inflammation in the brain,…

Steve Johnson’s, “Why Games are Good For You”, is part of his best-selling book Everything Bad Is Good for You: How Today’s Popular Culture Is Actually Making Us Smarter, which was published in 2005. Johnson writes about science and culture, specifically the impact of cyber technology on human perception and communication (481). Through this essay, Johnson defends the value of video games, along with other past times that are considered a waste of time. His main claim is that video games teach…

Tremco, a commercial sealant and waterproofing company, was contacted on 7/27/17 for information regarding the issues observed. The sales representative, Liz Bailey, stated that the issues observed with the existing traffic system are consistent with urethane based traffic coatings. These traffic coatings are inexpensive to apply, but only have about a 5 year life expectancy. This can be further reduced in high traffic, high temperature, and high UV areas. Tremco recommended the use of a…

Facility/Enterprise Description: This Risk Management Plan is being developed for the Mill Creek Campground. Located in Northern Michigan, the campground sits on just over two hundred acres of land. Its northern and eastern border is Lake Huron. There are three main areas of the campground- Office, Store, and Outside. The Office contains nine phones and seven windows. Anyone interested in camping at the park is served by the office. Office employees work the windows and phones daily from May…

closely with Texas A & M University to keep and maintain the ranches thriving. They recently participated in The Texas Livestock Early Warning System. The participation in this system helped get the data that will now impact how other ranching areas in the state operate in times of drought and population reduction. Irion county has a few notable historical sites and historic event that occurred at each of them. In 1858 Camp Charlotte was created as a military camp and frontier post. It…

the students with different learning tools and stimuli in an area that does not feel overcrowded or cluttered. Children should be provided with an environment that is not over crowded with too many students and not enough resources- something that can be difficult in certain school systems. Overall the indoor environment for learning is one of the most important aspects of a child’s educational experience. The class observed in this paper was located in Elon Elementary School. It was a class for…

Dziadzio, Smith, Chandler, and Castleberry (2016) did a research on how the location of the gopher nest could affect its survival. They found that nests that were away from the burrow in sandy areas survived more than the ones in burrow aprons. They also learned that the nests that were in places that burned up during the research had a very low survival (Dziadzio et al., 2016). Many research studies are being done to find ways to change the environment to help prevent the extinction of the…

Job Notes: On May 23, 2017 I went to 6805 Club Ridge #222 because of a compliant of the air unit not working. Ms. Catherine Jones is the tenant at this unit. She complained that I was late for my appointment (10 min.) that we made and the air unit was not working property. My investigation showed that the unit was working, but the environment/ temperature in the apartment was warm. It appeared that the air unit was not cooling property considering the reading of my device was showing 76 & 77…