Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the name applied to two related diseases, emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterised by abnormal inflammatory obstruction of the airways, lung parenchyma, (respiratory bronchioles and alveoli) and pulmonary blood vessels (Brown, 2013). Research shows that COPD is being recognised as an inflammatory disorder of the large and small airways characterized by remodelling and emphysematous changes in the lung…
Biological functions: The main biological functions for CRP to determine via its ability to identify pathogens and injured cells of the host and mediate their elimination via activating the complement system and phagocytic cells (Brundish and Baddiley,1968 ; Weiser et al., 1997). CRP binds to microorganisms and mediates their killing to more recent observations of protection against bacterial pathogens in CRP transgenic mice. The most significant evidence has supported the notion that CRP plays…
Upper respiratory infection, acute One of the most common diseases in children before school and children in early for an average of 6 to 8 times a year are affected in any case likely Effects such as acute otitis media, 15% to 30%, sinusitis 10 to 13% and less than…
detailed history taking, and meticulous examination. A case of a 38 year-old female with apparent symptoms of pneumonia was presented. The patient was obese and had initially presented to her primary care physician (PCP) with symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection. She had been 8 weeks post-partum and had required two days of hospitalization after her delivery due to a severe hemorrhage. Two days after being seen by her PCP, she went to an urgent care where she was evaluated by a…
The human body is composed of eleven major systems that all work together to hold a stable internal environment: homeostasis. Each system consists of different organs that all play important roles in maintaining homeostasis. The circulatory, respiratory and renal systems greatly affect each other in the keeping of the internal environment. Homeostasis is defined as the tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its internal conditions, usually by a system of feedback controls, so as to…
In modern Western society, avoiding contact with the numerous pollutants and substances that can trigger an asthma attack is virtually impossible. In the home, the workplace, even in the air we breathe, we're surrounded by an endless list of potential asthma triggers. A vast range of stimuli can trigger asthma attacks. Chief culprits include dust mites, air conditioning (which cycles offending substances into the air we breathe) and something as simple as cat dander! Individual asthmatics,…
actually had illnesses that could be treated with antibiotics, or if the antibiotics were misused. The study discovered that over 40% of the patients were prescribed antibiotics even though there was no solid proof that they were suffering from an infection that could be cured by antibiotics (Rajasekar et al., 2015). Further studies have corroborated…
extremely contagious respiratory infection that is usually referred to as “whooping cough”. This is a respiratory disease that is caused by the organism Bordetella pertussis this is a gram- negative bacteria that is transmitted only from human to human. Pertussis is transmitted through droplets up to 3 weeks after the cough has started if untreated. After it is inhaled the organism attaches itself to the ciliated respiratory epithelial cells that are in the upper respiratory tract and also in…
compulsory to get vaccinated is a very disputable topic that has been going on for a very long time. Recently research has shown that vaccinations have many side effects that affect the recipient and others. Side effects such as headaches, upper respiratory tract infection, stuffy nose, sore throat, joint pain, abdominal pain, cough, nausea, diarrhea and fevers are common. But in extreme cases (less than one in 100,00) people have allergic reactions. If people that are able to have vaccinations…
follows these clearance checks. Once the refugee is settled they are provided with food, housing, health care and usually employment services. After traveling so far in potentially harsh conditions the Syrian refugees are prone to upper respiratory tract infections, diarrhea and skin impairments. Chronic issues that have been seen are vitamin D deficiency, gastrointestinal issues, hypertension, asthma, diabetes and cardiovascular conditions. Using critical thinking skills I can only assume…