Reformation in Switzerland

“Kingdom of God”, “the day of the LORD”, “the end of the world”, “the last judgment” and “a new heaven and a new earth.” These words are the image of eschatology, and eschatology is an important subject in the Bible. Even Donald K. McKim says that the theme of the Bible is the kingdom of God (McKim, 167). In the Gospel, Jesus taught about the kingdom of God in his whole life and ministry, and the kingdom of God is represented as “already, but not yet” (McKim, 170). John Calvin, a 16th century…

was expected, and many nobles had rallied to the defence of Mary. This rebellion shows the issue of succession as a reason, as many did not want Lady Jane Grey as ruler, and welcomed Mary as Queen. However, it could also show that the Protestant reformation was not as completed as assumed, as subjects and common people welcomed a Catholic ruler. An interpretation of this could be that the religious discontent in England had led to the issues of succession to arise, which would mean succession…

Christian writings have been used to demonize the Jewish population of Europe throughout history. This was no different during the Nazi regime in Germany and this is discussed in detail in Demonizing the Jews Luther and the Protestant Church in Nazi Germany by Christopher J. Probst a visiting assistant professor of modern European history at Saint Louis University. The author has written an analysis that provides insight into the how German Protestants used the anti-Jewish writings of Protestant…

In theology class, we have talked about the different theology topics, which are very important for believers to be informed of. The topic that seems to interest me the most is our union with Christ. Our union with Christ refers to the relationship that we have with Christ. John Murray states “union with Christ is . . . the central truth of the whole doctrine of salvation . . .. It is not simply a phase of the application of redemption; it underlies every aspect of redemption” (Murray, 201-202).…

Following the inceptive imperial coronation of Charlemagne 400 years after the widespread adoption of Christianity (c. 800 AD), the new theocratic government of the Holy Roman Empire was faced with a monumental challenge: reconciling their subject’s god given freewill with law. As the defining institution of the Holy Roman Empire, the religious schemas taught by Church’s became inextricably wound with politics. One by one, laws were enforced with divine benediction, repurposing the already…

From the 14th to the 18th century, the world experienced significant changes. Each century was defined by it’s own intellectual developments, varying from music and art, to politics and economics. From the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment, certain ideas and beliefs were sources of different conflicts and resolutions that impacted western culture forever. The 13th and 14th centuries, known as the Late Middle Ages, were a time of struggle. Politically, this time period was a mess. The hundred…

The Fourth Lateran Council, as called by Pope Innocent III (1198-1216), was conducted on April 19, 1215. This council is sometimes referred to as the “Great Council” as over nine-hundred abbots and over four-hundred bishops attended the event at the Lateran palace in Rome. Some of these clergy men were “coming from as far afield as the Latin empire of Constantinople and crusader-held territories in the Levant (MP p. 139)” due to the importance of the event. The council, or synod as it sometimes…

Before the ecclesiastical reformation, formally known as the Protestant Reformation, before the time of Martin Luther, individuals began to spark the fire of the Protestant Reformation. Namely, John Wycliffe and John Huss, also known as Jan Hus, were predominant pre-reformers of the Protestant Reformation. Through their lifestyle, writings, ideas, John Wycliffe and John Huss triggered the Protestant Reformation. These contributions of Wycliffe and Huss were controversial in their time. The…

Throughout The Cost of Discipleship you are able to see the main messages Bonhoeffer is trying to make with each chapter. The main themes I am going to be writing about in this paper start with the type of grace you are trying to receive from God whether it is cheap or costly. The next theme would be the type of obedience Bonhoeffer talks about it being single-minded and the obedience they give. In this book Bonhoeffer talks a lot about discipleship and how it is shown from both the individual…

The conflict between Catholics and Protestants in France assumed many forms. It was a physical conflict, but also an ideological one where both parties used propaganda to fight each other. Pamphlets and images where used by both the Catholics and the Protestant to discredit the adversary and rally people to their cause. The Great Marmite Overturned, Le Renversement de la grand marmite in French (Fig. 1), is one of those images. It is a woodcut, which was first produced in 1562 by an unknown…