Postnatal

hormone level changes, physical changes and mood changes, extreme mood swings, concentration difficulty, weight loss, feelings of guilt, excessive concern about the baby or lack of interest in the baby are common symptoms of postpartum depression. Postnatal depression can interfere with the developing relationship between mother and babies after birth and impose overwhelming force on the relationship between the parents, as well as causing distress for mothers themselves (Baby center, 2014).…

To begin with Deafness is when a human has a hearing loss in his ear, which occurs when part of the human’s ear system is damaged or doesn’t function properly. it could be noticed when the person is asking everyone to speak slowly and loudly, keep turning the volume of the television and radio up, and will end up avoiding social communications and events. There are three main types of deafness; Conductive deafness is a condition where there is a malfunction in the middle ear (either the ear…

Conclusion Distressing news in a medical setting can affect both the patients and the physicians. How a physician discloses this news depends on their training, their personality, and the particular circumstances. It has been found that communication that is patient-centered is more appreciated by patients, and results in higher satisfaction levels. There also exist several recommendations for breaking bad news in a medical setting, from doing so in a private room to using language that does…

Patients and families are often faced with worrying medical diagnoses and treatment possibilities, and it is typically the health care provider’s duty to provide individuals with this information. An example of distressing news would be a prenatal or postnatal diagnosis of Down syndrome to new or expecting parents. While physicians often feel adequately equipped to make this diagnosis and provide management options, they sometimes find themselves at a loss as to how to share this news with the…

7q11.23(2), including the general transcription factor ill gene which encodes TFII-I which suppresses cell-surface accumulation of transient receptor potential(3). WS is characterized by developmental delay in achieving normal childhood milestones, postnatal hypercalcaemia, speech difficulties, hyperacusis, motor co-ordination difficulty, excessively social personality, love of music and expressive language skills(4). Physical features include characteristic facial features with full prominent…

Fetal circulation of blood is much different than that of newborns or adults because a fetus is still receiving nutrients, oxygen and blood from the mother’s placenta, so the placenta does a lot of the work that later on the lungs will take over. There are also other organs that are not fully developed within the fetus and therefore cannot be used or circulated with blood yet, because of this there are specific vessels that direct blood to other areas that in a newborn and adult will not go to.…

In the study, “Pre- and Postnatal Drivers of Childhood Intelligence: Evidence from Singapore,” researchers intended to answer whether genetics or the environment in a child’s early life determines its intelligence and if so, to what extent. The study was composed of 662 children…

midline groove, located above the upper lip; the smoothness of the philtrum is graded on a scale from 1 to 5 with scores of 4 and 5 indicative of an abnormality (Figure 2) (5). The second clinical feature is growth retardation in both the prenatal and postnatal period; growth…

intricate situation and needs to be handled with delicacy and love. At this age, a child is still trying to learn and adapt to its surroundings, and being taken to a completely new one can be distressing. This “newborn temperament” is evidently seen postnatal development. In a scenario as such, different babies have different adaptive abilities. Unlike “an easy baby”, a difficult baby is slow to adjust to new circumstances and can react negatively, whether constantly crying or making seldom…

Research staff visited the various postnatal wards and sequentially approached eligible women about participation. The eligibility of women consisted of the following criteria: (i) feeding some breast milk, (ii) agreement to participate, (iii) had a singleton infant born at term (at least 37weeks)…