Pope Martin IV

corruption in Catholic churches; they sold indulgences to provide capitals to fulfill the leaders’ lavish lives and personal interests while the common people suffered the violent life. Remarkable individuals who denounced Catholic churches included Martin Luther, who wrote 95 theses that reproved the indulgences and refused to recant despite the pressure from the church authorities, and John Calvin, who initiated the idea of predestination and theocracy. With the power of the printing press,…

Before the Enlightenment religion was the dominant force in Europe. The Catholic Church exerted spiritual authority. However the enlightenment, also known as the age of reason challenged the supremacy of religion in both the political and social life of Europe. Enlightenment philosophers like Voltaire and John Locke viewed religion with skepticism and believed it should not interfere with the public sphere. Bruce Lincoln, the author of Holy Terrors, Thinking about Religion after September 11…

My loyal vassals, Pope Urban II has given us a challenge. A new group of muslims had conquered the Holy Land. They do not let our people go there on pilgrimages. They also are threatening our ally, the byzantine empire. Even though they split our church, we should find it in our hearts to help them. The Pope has challenged us to stop fighting among ourselves, but to fight our common enemy. It is our right to visit our shrines and the muslims took it away. The Pope is assembling and army to go on…

substantial portion of its power. Many officials in the church were being elected by political leaders. This resulted in a corrupt and secularized church, as many of the officials elected by the political leaders obtained the positions as favours. In 1050, Pope Leo IX attempted to reform the church to its original configuration by ending simony and investiture, as well as by enforcing celibacy in the clergy. This, however, created turmoil between the church and the Holy Roman Emperor, which led…

years ago. In all the time I lived in New Jersey, I moved four times. In the second house I lived in, I had a Christian family as a neighbor. I remember them being very caring and humble but strict on their religion. The father of the family was a pope too. They had three sons and I used to play with the youngest son who was around my age. I remember that one day the family as about to leave for church. The youngest son, Andrew, was stirring a stick in the dirt, making his white shirt dirty.…

The Catholic Church has always had a strong presence in society, and the idea that such a non-secular institution that is based on religious morals and apparent virtues has had a deep rooted history of corruption and abuse is almost blasphemous to utter considering it is one of the lardgest religions in the world with 1.3 billion followers. The Catholic Church in itself is a very secreative organization and thorught the years it is estimated that they have paid 4 billion dollars in costs related…

By the end of the fourth century Christianity had become the dominating religion of the Roman Empire. As the official Roman state shattered, the Christian church played an important role in the new civilization that was being built on the ruins of the old Roman Empire. Saint Augustine was the most outstanding of the Latin Fathers. In these early centuries of Christianity, the churches in the larger cities had tremendous influence in the administration of church. Naturally, the bishops of those…

Every aspect of life was viewed through a lens of Christianity. Ancient writings held a position of power over people's everyday lives, and people looked to the church and government for direction in almost all things. Whether Christianity had a positive or negative effect on medieval times and people can be disputed, but its control, dominance, and how it was blindly accepted cannot go ignored. Christianity's influence and power started to decrease, however, during the Enlightenment, when many…

Gregory’s father Gordianus, was a senator, while occupying the title Regionarius in the Church, Gregory’s aunt Pateria and mother Silvia are recognized as saints in the Orthodox and Catholic Church. In addition, Gregory’s great-great-grandfather was Pope Felix III. In spite of Gregory having a bother, neither his brother’s name or his fate was recorded. Following in his father’s footsteps, at the age of 33, Gregory was a subject matter expert in…

Since the first material regarding the Jesuit Relations has been published in the seventeenth century in France, it has given numerous worthy sources for researchers. These religious reports got widespread with the progress of the times for scholars in the 1890s because of national-scale seventy-three-volume publication. And then, multiple editors and translators gathered all the Relations to combine with other Jesuit resources. After that, they made that in public in multilinguistic format…